Management of Stones in Horseshoe Kidneys

Biyani, Chandra Shekhar; Joyce, Adrian

doi:10.1002/9781119245193.ch67

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The high insertion of the ureter, urine stasis and pelvic ureteric obstruction are the main drivers of stone formation in HSK. 2,4 One cannot however disregard other important factors, recognized in the general lithogenic population such as urinary tract infections, metabolic factors and diet that still apply in the HSK population. 3,8 Our study has several limitations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The upper pole posterior calyx is often preferred. 4,9 A larger study including patients of all ages and benefitting from three-dimensional reconstruction imaging is required to better understand the correlation between isthmus thickness, angulations and stone development. This study contributes to the published literature on horseshoe kidneys and stones where the paucity of data still remains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1–3 Stone management can be a challenge in these patients due to the variable anatomy, vascular supply and likelihood of multiple sized stones. 4 Knowing more about the pathophysiology in HSK can help with treatment planning and counselling. The most extensively studied anatomic factors in a normal kidney have been the infundibulopelvic angle, infundibular width, infundibular length and calyceopelvic height.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is there a correlation between urolithiasis in horseshoe kidneys and isthmus thickness or renal angulation?

et al. 2022

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Background: Stone disease is a common complication of horseshoe kidneys (HSK). There are currently limited studies that examine the relationship between HSK anatomy and stone formation. We aim to determine if there is such an association by measuring the isthmus size and renal angulation in both stone and non-stone forming HSK using computed tomography (CT). Method: This is a retrospective study performed at a single tertiary centre. Using the radiological information system, all CT reports between 01 January 2010 and 31 December 2015 were searched for the keyword ‘horseshoe’ on the radiological information system. This produced a list of 285 reports. Each report and image packet of these 285 studies were reviewed to confirm the presence of an HSK and duplicate patients from multiple examinations were highlighted. One hundred and thirty-eight unique HSK patients were obtained and the studies were assessed for the presence or absence of stones. A total of 112 HSK were found; 88 of which contained no stone and 24 with stone. Angle measurements and isthmus size were measured on these kidneys. As axial images are obtained as standard in all cases, these measurements were all obtained in the axial plane. All parameters were measured and recorded manually by one person so as to reduce inter-observer variability. Results: Isthmus size varied widely, measuring from 2 to 39 mm. Right renal angle ranged from 51 to 158°, left 38 to 152°. Conclusion: The isthmus size and renal angle measurements were not found to be significant determinants for stone disease in our patient population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%