Management of Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections

Kimmig, Aurelia; Hagel, Stefan; Weis, Sebastian; Bahrs, Christina; Löffler, Bettina; Pletz, Mathias W.

doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.616524

Cited by 35 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Bacterial infections are the result of pathogenic bacteria entering and multiplying in the human body; these are a major deleterious factor in some infections ( Anderson and Kendall, 2017 ; Martin and Bachman, 2018 ). For example, the gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is a human pathogen ( Kimmig et al, 2021 ) that is constantly a source of skin infections, lung infections, gastroenteritis, and urinary tract infections ( Thomer et al, 2016 ; Del Giudice, 2020 ). Over the years, researchers have observed that antibacterial substances can be isolated from endophytic fungi of various medicinal plants ( Pinheiro et al, 2017 ; Nischitha and Shivanna, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity, Chemical Constituents, and Biological Activities of Endophytic Fungi Isolated From Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort

et al. 2021

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity of endophytic fungi of different parts of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (CX) and further characterize their biological activities and identify chemical compounds produced by these endophytic fungi. A total of 21 endophytic fungi were isolated and identified from CX. Penicillium oxalicum, Simplicillium sp., and Colletotrichum sp. were identified as promising strains by the color reaction. Comparing different organic extracts of the three strains, it was observed that the ethyl acetate extract of Penicillium oxalicum and Simplicillium sp. and the n-butanol extract of Colletotrichum sp. showed significant antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The ethyl acetate extracts of Penicillium oxalicum had outstanding antioxidant and antibacterial effects, and its radical scavenging rates for ABTS and DPPH were 98.43 ± 0.006% and 90.11 ± 0.032%, respectively. At the same time, their IC50 values were only 0.18 ± 0.02 mg/mL and 0.04 ± 0.003 mg/mL. The ethyl acetate extract of Penicillium oxalicum showed MIC value of only 0.5 mg/mL against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. By liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), we found that Penicillium oxalicum could produce many high-value polyphenols, such as hesperidin (36.06 μmol/g), ferulic acid (1.17 μmol/g), and alternariol (12.64 μmol/g), which can be a potential resource for the pharmaceutical industry. In conclusion, these results increase the diversity of CX endophytic fungi and the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of their secondary metabolites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity, Chemical Constituents, and Biological Activities of Endophytic Fungi Isolated From Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort

et al. 2021

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“…S. aureus is responsible for both healthcare- and community-associated infections ( 41 , 42 ). Infections are treated with antibiotics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineered human antibodies for the opsonization and killing ofStaphylococcus aureus

Chen

Schneewind

Missiakas

2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Gram-positive organisms with their thick envelope cannot be lysed by complement alone. Nonetheless, antibody-binding on the surface can recruit complement and mark these invaders for uptake and killing by phagocytes, a process known as opsonophagocytosis. The crystallizable fragment of immunoglobulins (Fcγ) is key for complement recruitment. The cell surface of S. aureus is coated with Staphylococcal protein A (SpA). SpA captures the Fcγ domain of IgG and interferes with opsonization by anti-S. aureus antibodies. In principle, the Fcγ domain of therapeutic antibodies could be engineered to avoid the inhibitory activity of SpA. However, the SpA-binding site on Fcγ overlaps with that of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), an interaction that is critical for prolonging the half-life of serum IgG. This evolutionary adaptation poses a challenge for the exploration of Fcγ mutants that can both weaken SpA–IgG interactions and retain stability. Here, we use both wild-type and transgenic human FcRn mice to identify antibodies with enhanced half-life and increased opsonophagocytic killing in models of S. aureus infection and demonstrate that antibody-based immunotherapy can be improved by modifying Fcγ. Our experiments also show that by competing for FcRn-binding, staphylococci effectively reduce the half-life of antibodies during infection. These observations may have profound impact in treating cancer, autoimmune, and asthma patients colonized or infected with S. aureus and undergoing monoclonal antibody treatment.

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“…After E. coli , S. aureus is among the leading causes of hospital‐ and community‐acquired endovascular infections 7,137 . Intravascular catheters are an important source of S. aureus bacteremia and removal of these indwelling devices commonly resolves infections; 138 however, once the pathogen gains access to the cardiovascular system, secondary complications can occur.…”

Section: S Aureus Bacteremiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to the host

Berry

Verhoef

Leonard

et al. 2022

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Staphylococcus aureus is a pathobiont capable of colonizing and infecting most tissues within the human body, resulting in a multitude of different clinical outcomes.Adhesion of S. aureus to the host is crucial for both host colonization and the establishment of infections. Underlying the pathogen's success is a complex and diverse arsenal of adhesins. In this review, we discuss the different classes of adhesins, including a consideration of the various adhesion sites throughout the body and the clinical outcomes of each infection type. The development of therapeutics targeting the S. aureus host-pathogen interaction is a relatively understudied area. Due to the increasing global threat of antimicrobial resistance, it is crucial that innovative and alternative approaches are considered. Neutralizing virulence factors, through the development of antivirulence agents, could reduce bacterial pathogenicity and the ever-increasing burden of S. aureus infections. This review provides insight into potentially efficacious adhesion-associated targets for the development of novel decolonizing and antivirulence strategies.

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Management of Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections

Cited by 35 publications

References 81 publications

Diversity, Chemical Constituents, and Biological Activities of Endophytic Fungi Isolated From Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort

Diversity, Chemical Constituents, and Biological Activities of Endophytic Fungi Isolated From Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort

Engineered human antibodies for the opsonization and killing ofStaphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to the host

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