Management of Sarcopenia: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Negm, Ahmed; Lee, Jeremy; Hamidian, Radmehr; Jones, C Allyson; Khadaroo, Rachel G.

doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2022.01.057

Cited by 45 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Furthermore, all trained groups showed a similar improvement in their strength [ 166 ]. In fact, the combination of aerobic and resistance exercise may be the most effective combination for improving muscle mass and one of the best for improving strength and functional capacity in older adults with sarcopenia [ 167 ].…”

Section: Impact Of Physical Activity/exercise On Aged Skeletal Muscle...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Physical Activity/Exercise on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Muscle and Vascular Aging

Assar

Álvarez‐Bustos

Sosa

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Functional status is considered the main determinant of healthy aging. Impairment in skeletal muscle and the cardiovascular system, two interrelated systems, results in compromised functional status in aging. Increased oxidative stress and inflammation in older subjects constitute the background for skeletal muscle and cardiovascular system alterations. Aged skeletal muscle mass and strength impairment is related to anabolic resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress and inflammation as well as a reduced antioxidant response and myokine profile. Arterial stiffness and endothelial function stand out as the main cardiovascular alterations related to aging, where increased systemic and vascular oxidative stress and inflammation play a key role. Physical activity and exercise training arise as modifiable determinants of functional outcomes in older persons. Exercise enhances antioxidant response, decreases age-related oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory signals, and promotes the activation of anabolic and mitochondrial biogenesis pathways in skeletal muscle. Additionally, exercise improves endothelial function and arterial stiffness by reducing inflammatory and oxidative damage signaling in vascular tissue together with an increase in antioxidant enzymes and nitric oxide availability, globally promoting functional performance and healthy aging. This review focuses on the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in aged musculoskeletal and vascular systems and how physical activity/exercise influences functional status in the elderly.

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Section: Impact Of Physical Activity/exercise On Aged Skeletal Muscle...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Physical Activity/Exercise on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Muscle and Vascular Aging

Assar

Álvarez‐Bustos

Sosa

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…However, the effects of BCAA or other protein supplements on insulin resistance, renal function, depressive symptoms, or cognition have not been examined in persons with T2D. Moreover, intervention periods in most previous studies were within 3 months [ 18 , 31 ]. Longer intervention periods are needed to examine the effects of protein or amino acid supplementation on muscle mass and to reveal adverse effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Branched-Chain Amino Acids on Skeletal Muscle, Glycemic Control, and Neuropsychological Performance in Elderly Persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2022

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Although branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are known to stimulate myofibrillar protein synthesis and affect insulin signaling and kynurenine metabolism (the latter being a metabolite of tryptophan associated with depression and dementia), the effects of BCAA supplementation on type 2 diabetes (T2D) are not clear. Therefore, a 24-week, prospective randomized open blinded-endpoint trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation of 8 g of BCAA or 7.5 g of soy protein on skeletal muscle and glycemic control as well as adverse events in elderly individuals with T2D. Thirty-six participants were randomly assigned to the BCAA group (n = 21) and the soy protein group (n = 15). Skeletal muscle mass and HbA1c, which were primary endpoints, did not change over time or differ between groups. However, knee extension muscle strength was significantly increased in the soy protein group and showed a tendency to increase in the BCAA group. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance did not significantly change during the trial. Depressive symptoms were significantly improved in the BCAA group but the difference between groups was not significant. Results suggested that BCAA supplementation may not affect skeletal muscle mass and glycemic control and may improve depressive symptoms in elderly individuals with T2D.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Management of sarcopenia includes a variety of methods with physical activity, exercise training, and nutritional supplementation consistently identified as effective interventions for sarcopenia. ( Negm et al, 2022 ). Resistance training alone or combined with aerobic exercise appears to be the most effective intervention for sarcopenia ( Burton and Sumukadas, 2010 ; Negm et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( Negm et al, 2022 ). Resistance training alone or combined with aerobic exercise appears to be the most effective intervention for sarcopenia ( Burton and Sumukadas, 2010 ; Negm et al, 2022 ). However, resistance training or aerobic exercise performed at the higher intensities required to elicit optimal physiological adaptations may be difficult for older people with or susceptible to sarcopenia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A call to action for blood flow restriction training in older adults with or susceptible to sarcopenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Background: The extent to which exercise training with blood flow restriction (BFR) improves functional performance (FP) in people with sarcopenia remains unclear. We performed a comprehensive search of BFR training in subjects with sarcopenia or susceptible to sarcopenia hoping to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of BFR on FP in older adults without medical disorders, but with or susceptible to sarcopenia.Methods: PubMed and the Cochrane library were searched through February 2022. Inclusion criteria were: 1) the study examined older adults (>55 years of age) with or susceptible to sarcopenia and free of overt acute or chronic diseases, 2) there was a random allocation of participants to BFR and active control groups, 3) BFR was the sole intervention difference between the groups, and 4) the study provided post-intervention measures of skeletal muscle and physical function which were either the same or comparable to those included in the revised European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) diagnostic algorithm.Results: No studies of BFR training in individuals with sarcopenia were found and no study included individuals with FP values below the EWGSOP criteria. However, four studies of BFR training in older adults in which FP was examined were found. BFR training significantly improved the timed up and go (MD = −0.46, z = 2.43, p = 0.02), 30-s chair stand (MD = 2.78, z = 3.72, p < 0.001), and knee extension strength (standardized MD = 0.5, z = 2.3, p = 0.02) in older adults.Conclusion: No studies of BFR exercise appear to have been performed in patients with or suspected sarcopenia based on latest diagnostic criteria. Despite the absence of such studies, BFR training was found to significantly improve the TUG, 30-s chair stand, and knee extension strength in older adults. Studies examining the effects of BFR in subjects below EWGSOP cut-off points are needed.

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Management of Sarcopenia: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Cited by 45 publications

References 88 publications

Effect of Physical Activity/Exercise on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Muscle and Vascular Aging

Effect of Physical Activity/Exercise on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Muscle and Vascular Aging

Effects of Branched-Chain Amino Acids on Skeletal Muscle, Glycemic Control, and Neuropsychological Performance in Elderly Persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial

A call to action for blood flow restriction training in older adults with or susceptible to sarcopenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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