Management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, infesting Egyptian henbane, Hyoscyamus muticus L., by the use of nematicides and oilcakes

Abstract

Management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, infesting Egyptian henbane, Hyoscyamus muticus L., by the use of nematicides and oilcakes(Abs tract. Studies were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of various nematicides: aldicarb (Temik 10G), and carbofuran (F uradan 3G) at 3 kg a.i./ha, mocap (Ethoprop 10G) at 5 kg a.i./ha and oilcakes of castor (Ricinus communis L., 4.2% N), groundnut (Arachis hypogea L., 7% N), linseed (Linum usitassimum L., 4.7% N), neem (Az adirchta indica Juss, 5.4% N) and mustard (Brassica compestris L., 4.8% N) at 1 g N/kg of soil in the form of soil amendments for the management of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood infesting Egyptian henbane (Hyoscyamus muticus L.). All the treatments resulted in a significant increase in length, fresh and dry weights of henbane plants as compared with untreated inoculated plants. The maximum improvement in plant growth parameters was observed in plants treated with mocap followed by neem cake, aldicarb, carbofuran, castor, mustard, groundnut and linseed cakes respectively. Application of nematicides and oilcakes suppressed the pathogenic effect of M. incognita on Hyoscyamus muticus and resulted in significant reduction in gall intensity and population density of root-knot nematode in roots and soil. In comparison to untreated inoculated plants the highest reduction in root-knot index was noted in plants treated with mocap, whereas the lowest reduction was observed in plants treated with linseed cake.

Studies on the management of root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne incognita-wilt fungus,Fusarium oxysporumdisease complex of green gram,Vigna radiatacv ML-1108

“…The nematodes may also be killed Each value is an average of three replicates; Values in parenthesis represent percent reduction over uninoculated control while feeding on root tissues by the systemic action of these nematicides when they are absorbed by the plant roots and translocated in the plant system (van Berkum and Hoestra, 1979). Butool et al(1998) found similar effectiveness of carbofuran in suppressing M. incognita on Hyoscyamus muticus. Bavistin was found most effective in controlling root colonization by fungus.…”

“…However, it is fundamental to have prior knowledge of the interaction involved, as even low densities of fungi or nematode can result in a disease complex of significant importance (Bowers et al, 1996). Carbofuran belonging to the carbamates group is a non-fumigant and had been reported to cure root-knot nematodes on various crops (Butool et al, 1998). It mainly affects nematode neuromuscular activity by inhibiting the enzyme acetyl cholinesterase (Evans, 1973;Wright, 1981).…”

Brassicaceae Mustards: Traditional and Agronomic Uses in Australia and New Zealand

“…In Australia, New Zealand and other countries, mustard crop byproducts are often utilized in soil amendments and supplements [ 18 , 107 ]. The residual material of mustard seeds after oil extraction, called oilcakes, or more commonly mustard meal, are used to provide valuable nutrients to the soil at a low cost, with minimal phytotoxicity, making it particularly attractive for developing countries [ 145 ]. This material provides a high quality nutrient source due to the favorable C to N ratio [ 146 , 147 ].…”

A Review on the Challenges for Increased Production of Castor

“…The effect of castor meal against M. arenaria Chitwood was not dependent on the dose of the meal (Ritzinger and McSorley, 1998a). Castor meal anti‐nematode efficiency was comparable to the nematicides aldicarb and carbofuran in the reduction of M. incognita population and promotion of growth of Hyoscyamus muticus L. plants (Butool et al, 1998). Castor meal reduced parasitic nematodes infecting pigeon pea plants ( Cajanus cajan L.) and promoted free‐living beneficial predatory nematodes.…”