Management of Reproductive Diseases in Male Small Ruminants

Stewart, Jamie L.; Shipley, Clifford F.

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2020.10.005

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In addition, rams with this disease should not be used for breeding until the ulcers have healed, as there have been reports of venereal transmission to ewes causing ulcerative vulvitis [ 21 , 40 ]. For a more extensive review of management of reproductive diseases in small ruminants, see Stewart and Shipley [ 56 ].…”

Section: Ram Infertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Management of Rams and Ram Lambs during the Pre-Breeding Season in US Sheep Farms

Maquivar

Smith

Busboom

2021

Animals

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In sheep farms, achieving economic and productive efficiency and sustainability goals is directly related with the reproductive management of the animals. Genetically, the male contribution to the offspring is 50%, but in practical terms, there is a greater potential impact of the ram on reproductive results, because one male has the potential to affect a large group of females and therefore greatly affects the entire flock. Unfortunately, the selection of males for breeding in the US sheep industry has been traditionally conducted based on phenotypical traits, without a genetic/reproductive evaluation, and/or health assessment or records. Therefore, it is important to establish integrative management practices to select the rams and ram lambs to be used in the breeding season. Among these practices are genomic testing, a comprehensive breeding soundness evaluation and assessment of health status and records of the males before the breeding season, to detect and correct potential issues.

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Section: Ram Infertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Management of Rams and Ram Lambs during the Pre-Breeding Season in US Sheep Farms

Maquivar

Smith

Busboom

2021

Animals

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“…The unavailability of a linear probe for a transrectal ultrasound examination impeded the identification of the infectious process in the accessory sex glands, which were responsible for the obstruction. However, a wider ultrasound examination, even with a sector probe, could reveal significant changes in the testicle or epididymis when an infectious process is present (Stewart and Shipley, 2021) and in the kidneys, which may indicate the level of injury in the parenchyma from hydronephrosis and/or from the infectious process (Sculy, 2021). Ultrasound of the entire urogenital tract is recommended for investigating the processes that lead to urethral obstruction and their prognosis.…”

Section: Casuistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vet. Zootec., v.75, n.2, p.247-253, 2023 vesicular, bulbourethral, and prostrate), which are located along the dorsal region of the pelvic urethra (Stewart and Shipley, 2021). During total obstruction of the urethra, the ram exhibits signs of abdominal pain and, if left untreated, develops a ruptured bladder, followed by hydronephrosis, azotemia, and death (Stewart and Shipley, 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Cases of vesiculitis in rams are rare, with reports primarily involving Brucella ovis and Actinobacillus seminis, but also Escherichia coli, Chlamydophila abortus, Histophilus somni, and Trueperella pyogenes, with varying, and still undetermined, infection routes that may be ascending (prepuce or urethra), descending (ductus deferens or epididymis), or hematogenous (Gouletsou and Fthenakis, 2015;Stewart and Shipley, 2021). This report describes the clinical and pathological findings in a case of urethral obstruction due to seminal vesiculitis in a ram, which forms an important differential diagnosis of obstructive urolithiasis.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Urethral obstruction due to seminal vesiculitis in a sheep - case report

Rizzo

Cruz

Rocha

et al. 2023

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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We report a case of urethral obstruction due to seminal vesiculitis in a Dorper sheep, with symptoms of anuria, rectal prolapse, orchitis/epididymitis, and uroperitoneum and biochemical tests indicating severe azotemia. The animal died due to advanced azotemia, and necropsy revealed kidneys with cortical and medullary necrosis, pyelonephritis of renal calyces, hydronephrosis, ruptured and necrotic bladder, and vesicular, bulbourethral, and ampoule accessory sex glands. There was prostate hyperplasia that revealed a large amount of pus in the cross section, which was also observed bilaterally in the epididymis and right testis. Morphotintorial and biochemical analyses of bacteria obtained from microbiological culture revealed Corynebacterium sp. and Escherichia coli. Infection, hyperplasia, and abscessation of accessory sex glands caused urethral compression, resulting in an obstructive condition, similar to urolithiasis, in addition to bacteremia. Hyperplastic seminal vesiculitis, although rare, must be included among the differential diagnoses of obstructive processes in the urinary tract of sheep.

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“…The males affected can be identified early by serological exams and reproductive solidity exams. The early diagnosis will maximize the success of the treatment or accelerate the selection decisions (Stewart and Shipley, 2021).…”

Section: Ram Selection For Studsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive management of the ram (Ovis orientalis aries)

Cruz-Espinoza

Gallegos‐Sánchez

Mendieta-Galán

et al. 2021

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Objective: To describe briefly the physiology, the anatomy and the reproductive management of the ram. Design/Methodology/Approach: Review of the anatomy, physiology and general considerations for an adequate reproductive management of the ram. Results: The ram presents a less seasonal reproductive activity than the female and its reproductive behavior is easier to observe. However, it is in the fall, the reproductive season of seasonal sheep, when their behavior is much more complex and complete. It begins with smelling the external genitals of the female, goes through the flehmen response and ends with mating, intromission and ejaculation. It is necessary to consider the anatomical and physiological aspects of the ram and its meticulous management to avoid reproductive failures in the flock. Frequently, the rams are less important for the flock’s handler during the season of reproductive rest. Monitoring their diet and parasite and disease control is necessary to keep them apt for reproduction. The evaluation of the reproductive aptitude of the ram before mating is convenient and can be planned as part of its management; and once mating begins, considering the adequate proportion of rams/females, in addition to monitoring their performance during this event. Study Limitations/Implications: To consider that the ram shows a good capacity for mating, capacity for service, libido, quality of semen, since it is responsible for a proportion of lamb production. Findings/Conclusions: Reproduction in sheep is regulated by the photoperiod, genetic potential, nutritional status, health status and other factors, which are important both in the ram and in the female. Some sheep breeds have potential of prolificacy; a good reproductive management of the ram can influence these factors and increase the reproduction rate in the flocks.

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Management of Reproductive Diseases in Male Small Ruminants

Cited by 7 publications

References 51 publications

Reproductive Management of Rams and Ram Lambs during the Pre-Breeding Season in US Sheep Farms

Reproductive Management of Rams and Ram Lambs during the Pre-Breeding Season in US Sheep Farms

Urethral obstruction due to seminal vesiculitis in a sheep - case report

Reproductive management of the ram (Ovis orientalis aries)

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