Management of Post-Traumatic Subglottic Stenosis and Pharyngosubglottic Fistula

Saravanam, Prasanna Kumar; Ravikumar, A.

doi:10.1007/s12070-018-1390-8

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 11 publications

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“…In patients who develop GPA at an age younger than 20 years, an increased incidence of SGS has been observed [45,46]. Traumatic laryngeal injuries such as external blunt or penetrating with cartilaginous fractures or mucosal tears can lead to SGS [47][48][49][50]. Internal trauma leading to SGS can include chemical and thermal burns, laryngotracheal surgery, or radiotherapy.…”

Section: Other Rare Causesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Updated Review of Subglottic Stenosis: Etiology, Evaluation, and Management

2022

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Purpose of ReviewTo assimilate the newly published literature regarding subglottic stenosis (SGS), including basic science and translational research on mechanisms of etiology, clinical diagnostics, and therapeutic treatments. Recent FindingsThe role of inflammation in development of iatrogenic and idiopathic SGS (iSGS) is continuing to be studied. The IL-23/IL-17A inflammatory axis appears to be a potential mechanism for development of iSGS. Additionally, as anticipated in an inflammatory milieu, PD-1/PD-L1 expression is upregulated. If the PD-1/PD-L1 axis is important in SGS pathogenesis, then it may represent a potential target for immunotherapeutic inhibition, given its success in cancer treatment. In terms of surgical management, prospective studies show that endoscopic approaches have more frequent recurrence compared to open techniques. Summary SGS arises from various etiologies, and further understanding of its pathogenesis can aid in the development of novel therapies. It is imperative to obtain a thorough history for each patient presenting with respiratory complaints, as misdiagnosis can delay proper treatment. Endoscopic and open surgical techniques continue to be investigated in a growing number of prospective clinical trials to determine optimal treatment protocols. In-office injections are gaining popularity and show promise in the treatment of SGS.

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