Management of pomegranate ( Punica granatum ) orchards alters the supply and pathway of rain water reaching soils in an arid agricultural landscape

Hakimi, Leila; Sadeghi, Seyed Mohammad Moein; Stan, John T. Van; Pypker, Thomas G.; Khosropour, Esmaiel

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2018.03.001

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Interception fraction from woody plants in agricultural settings may be lower compared to natural forests (Figure 2b vs. Figure 5, middle) as a result of the greater stemflow generation observed beneath managed tree canopies [56,85]. In fact, histogram distributions of stemflow fractions for all three settings were very positively skewed with drastic differences in the distributions.…”

Section: Cropland Precipitation Partitioning Significantly Differs From Shrubs and Forestsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Fitting coefficients (α, β, and c) vary across growth stages as a function of increased maximum water storage capacity [50] and changes in the inclination angle of canopy elements, particularly leaves for herbaceous crops [52][53][54]; however, the orientation of fruit, tassels, etc., and branches (for tree orchards) can alter water drainage patterns through canopies [48,55,56]. As maximum water storage capacity is a function of the canopy area available to capture and hold rain or sprinkler-irrigation waters, the magnitude of the maximum interception fraction (during storms too small to fully saturate the canopy) can depend on the growth stage (Figure 3).…”

Section: Storms and Growth Stage: Temporal Variability Of Rain And Irrigation Partitioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Partitioning of Rainfall and Sprinkler-Irrigation by Crop Canopies: A Global Review and Evaluation of Available Research

2020

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The role of crop canopies in the global water cycle is a topic of increasing international interest. How much rain and sprinkler-irrigation water are returned to the atmosphere or reach the soils beneath crop canopies, and the pathways of those water inputs at the soil, are linked to agricultural productivity and sustainability. This concise-format review synthesized and evaluated the available, limited, observational data (138 studies) on cropland throughfall, stemflow, and/or interception for >60 crop species covering all major climate types to obtain a global analysis of rainfall and sprinkler-irrigation partitioning by crop canopies. Partitions normalized per unit rain/sprinkler-irrigation (relative fractions, %) vary greatly across crop types with the interquartile range of throughfall, stemflow, and interception being 58–83%, 2–26%, and 11–32%, respectively. Stemflow data distribution across crop types is more often different than for throughfall and interception, contributing to overall variations in the partitioning of rain and irrigation observed to date. Partitions per storm also differ depending on the magnitude of rain or sprinkler-irrigation events and the stage of crop growth. Furthermore, throughfall and stemflow input patterns at the soil surface and subsurface may erode soils through different physical processes (i.e., throughfall droplet impact/splash versus scouring by stemflow); however, more research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and overall impacts. Finally, comparative analyses of partitions among croplands, shrublands, and forests indicate that crop canopies partition rain inputs differently and that there is a lack of studies in croplands. Hence, we suggest that future effort should be directed to the partitioning of rainfall and sprinkler-irrigation by canopies in agricultural settings.

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Section: Cropland Precipitation Partitioning Significantly Differs From Shrubs and Forestsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Storms and Growth Stage: Temporal Variability Of Rain And Irrigation Partitioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning of Rainfall and Sprinkler-Irrigation by Crop Canopies: A Global Review and Evaluation of Available Research

2020

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“…Crockford and Richardson (2000) found that tree characteristics such as density, leaf shape, and branch angle can all influence I. Yuan, Gao, and Fu (2016) reported that branch architectures with more small branches, higher leaf biomasses, and larger angles produced SF more efficiently. Hakimi, Sadeghi, Van Stan, Pypker, and Khosropour (2018) found that managerial practices, such as thinning and pruning, in rainfed pomegranate orchards significantly affected rainfall partitioning. Our experiment was carried out in two neighbouring apple orchards that were similarly managed, so differences in rainfall characteristics, tree species, tree density, and managerial practices may not have been responsible for the differences in rainfall partitioning between the two orchards.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall partitioning and its effects on regional water balances: Evidence from the conversion of traditional cropland to apple orchards in a semi‐humid region

Wang

2020

Hydrological Processes

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Rainfall partitioning by vegetation cover plays an important role in local and regional water balances. Large areas of traditional cropland have been converted to apple orchards on the Loess Plateau, China, so the effect of the conversion of traditional cropland to these orchards on rainfall partitioning cannot be ignored. In this study, we measured precipitation, throughfall (TF), and stemflow (SF) and calculated canopy interception (I) and canopy storage capacity (S) in two neighbouring apple orchards (8 and 18 years old in 2013) on the plateau during the four growing seasons of 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016. Besides, we also summarized the percentage of rainfall partitioning of various crops and tree species and assessed the effect of land use change on regional water balances. The results showed that the percentage of rainfall partitioning and S differed between the two orchards. Mean annual I, TF, and SF for the young and mature orchards during the 4 years accounted for 7.9, 89.8, and 2.6% and for 10.3, 87.5, and 2.3%, respectively, of the rainfall partitioning. The percentage accounted for by mean annual I and TF differed significantly between the two orchards, but the percentage of mean annual SF did not differ significantly between the two orchards. Mean annual S for 2013–2016 was significantly higher for the mature than the young orchard. Although the conversion of traditional cropland to apple orchards led to a more serious soil desiccation in this region, the I loss percentage was higher in maize (12.5%) than the apple orchards. Therefore, we inferred that the effect of the conversion of traditional cropland to apple orchards on regional water balances was likely not caused by differences in rainfall partitioning. Differences in tree morphology due to tree age accounted for the differences in rainfall partitioning and S between the two orchards. Thus, tree age should be taken into account when assessing the effect of apple orchards on rainfall partitioning in this or similar regions.

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“…Photographs were analyzed using the Gap Light Analyzer software (GLA software, Ver. 2.0) [5,[48][49][50].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Soil’s Chemical and Biochemical Properties Induced by Road Geometry in the Hyrcanian Temperate Forests

Rahbarisisakht

Moayeri

Hayati

et al. 2021

Forests

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Forest roads play an important role in providing access to forest resources. However, they can significantly impact the adjacent soil and vegetation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of road geometry (RG) on the chemical and biochemical properties of adjacent soils to assist in environmentally friendly forest road planning in mountainous areas. Litter layer, canopy cover, soil organic carbon (SOC) stock, total nitrogen (TN), the activity of dehydrogenase (DHA), and urease (UA) enzymes at a 0–20 cm soil depth were measured by sampling at various distances from the road edge to 100 m into the forest interior. The measurements were done for three road geometries (RG), namely straight, curved, and bent roads, to ensure data heterogeneity and to reflect the main geometric features of the forest roads. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the effects of RG on the measured variables were statistically significant. Spearman’s correlation test clearly showed a strong positive correlation between environmental conditions, SOC, TN, DHA, and UA for given RGs. Based on piecewise linear regression analysis, the down slope direction of the straight and the inside direction of bent roads accounted for the lowest and highest ranges of ecological effects, respectively. The results of this study contribute to our understanding of the environmental effects brought about by road geometry, which can be important for forest road managers when applying the best management practices.

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Management of pomegranate ( Punica granatum ) orchards alters the supply and pathway of rain water reaching soils in an arid agricultural landscape

Cited by 26 publications

References 37 publications

Partitioning of Rainfall and Sprinkler-Irrigation by Crop Canopies: A Global Review and Evaluation of Available Research

Partitioning of Rainfall and Sprinkler-Irrigation by Crop Canopies: A Global Review and Evaluation of Available Research

Rainfall partitioning and its effects on regional water balances: Evidence from the conversion of traditional cropland to apple orchards in a semi‐humid region

Changes in Soil’s Chemical and Biochemical Properties Induced by Road Geometry in the Hyrcanian Temperate Forests

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