Management of patients with an increasing prostate-specific antigen after radical prostatectomy

Khan, Masood A.; Partin, Alan W.

doi:10.1007/s11918-004-0038-1

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…One in six men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in their lifetime and 1 in 33 will die from their disease. Localized prostate cancer can be treated by surgical resection or radiation but recurs in f25% of patients (2). Advanced disease is treated by androgen ablation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Retinoic Acid Synthesis Gene ALDH1a2 Is a Candidate Tumor Suppressor in Prostate Cancer

Kim¹,

Lapointe

Kaygusuz³

et al. 2005

Cancer Research

122

110

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Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the United States, and aberrant DNA methylation is known to be an early molecular event in its development. Here, we have used expression profiling to identify novel hypermethylated genes whose expression is induced by treatment of prostate cancer cell lines with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-2V-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC). Of the 271 genes that were induced by 5-aza-dC treatment, 25 also displayed reduced expression in primary prostate tumors compared with normal prostate tissue, and the decreased expression of only one gene, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2 (ALDH1a2), was also associated with shorter recurrence-free survival. ALDH1a2 encodes an enzyme responsible for synthesis of retinoic acid (RA), a compound with prodifferentiation properties. By immunohistochemistry, we observed that ALDH1a2 was expressed in epithelia from normal prostate but not prostate cancer. Using bisulfite sequencing, we determined that the ALDH1a2 promoter region was significantly hypermethylated in primary prostate tumors compared with normal prostate specimens (P = 0.01). Finally, transfection-mediated reexpression of wild-type ALDH1a2 (but not a presumptive catalytically dead mutant) in the prostate cancer cell line DU145 resulted in decreased colony growth (P < 0.0001), comparable with treatment with either 5-aza-dC or RA. Taken together, our findings implicate ALDH1a2 as a candidate tumor suppressor gene in prostate cancer and further support a role of retinoids in the prevention or treatment of prostate cancer. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(18): 8118-24)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Retinoic Acid Synthesis Gene ALDH1a2 Is a Candidate Tumor Suppressor in Prostate Cancer

Kim¹,

Lapointe

Kaygusuz³

et al. 2005

Cancer Research

122

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Localized prostate cancer can be treated by surgical resection or radiation, but recurs in approximately a quarter of patients. 2 Advanced prostate cancer is treated by androgen-ablation therapy, though hormone-refractory prostate cancer invariably recurs within 1-2 years. 3 Although taxane-based therapies have recently shown promise in prolonging survival, 4 new therapeutic targets and molecularly directed therapies for endstage prostate cancer are urgently needed.…”

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confidence: 99%

A variant TMPRSS2 isoform and ERG fusion product in prostate cancer with implications for molecular diagnosis

et al. 2007

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Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among men in the United States. Recently, fusion of TMPRSS2 with ETS family oncogenic transcription factors has been identified as a common molecular alteration in prostate cancer, where most often the rearrangement places ERG under the androgen-regulated transcriptional control of TMPRSS2. Here, we carried out rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) on a prostate cancer specimen carrying an atypical aberration discovered by array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH), suggesting an alternative fusion partner of ERG. We identified novel transcribed sequences fused to ERG, mapping 4 kb upstream of the TMPRSS2 start site. The sequences derive from an apparent second TMPRSS2 isoform, which we found also expressed in some prostate tumors, suggesting similar androgenregulated control. In a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based survey of 63 prostate tumor specimens (54 primary and nine lymph node metastases), 44 (70%) cases expressed either the known or novel variant TMPRSS2-ERG fusion, 28 (44%) expressed both, 10 (16%) expressed only the known, and notably six (10%) expressed only the variant isoform fusion. In this specimen set, the presence of a TMPRSS2-ERG fusion showed no statistical association with tumor stage, Gleason grade or recurrence-free survival. Nonetheless, the discovery of a novel variant TMPRSS2 isoform-ERG fusion adds to the characterization of ETS-family rearrangements in prostate cancer, and has important implications for the accurate molecular diagnosis of TMPRSS2-ETS fusions. Recently, by examining outlier values of gene expression in human cancers, Tomlins et al 5 discovered elevated expression of the ETS family members ERG (v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene like) and ETV1 (Ets variant gene 1) to be a common feature of prostate cancer. Elevated expression resulted from chromosomal rearrangement fusing TMPRSS2 (transmembrane protease, serine 2) (chr 21q22.3) to ERG (chr 21q22.2), an apparent intra-chromosomal deletion of B3 Mb on chromosome 21, or less frequently to ETV1, an interchromosomal rearrangement between chr 21q22.3 and chr 7p21.2.

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“…The imaging procedure or treatment is unlikely to be indicated in the specified clinical scenarios, or the risk-benefit ratio for patients is likely to be unfavorable. (change in PSA over time), or prolonged PSADT (>6 months) most likely have recurrent local disease [7]. Conversely, patients with a rapid PSA recurrence (<24 months after local treatment), high PSA velocity, or short PSADT (<6 months) are more likely to have metastatic recurrence [7].…”

Section: Summary Of Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(change in PSA over time), or prolonged PSADT (>6 months) most likely have recurrent local disease [7]. Conversely, patients with a rapid PSA recurrence (<24 months after local treatment), high PSA velocity, or short PSADT (<6 months) are more likely to have metastatic recurrence [7]. This can serve as a clinical guide in selecting appropriate imaging.…”

Section: Summary Of Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACR Appropriateness Criteria ® Post-treatment Follow-up Prostate Cancer

Imaging

2018

Journal of the American College of Radiology

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Diagnosis and management of prostate cancer post treatment is a large and complex problem, and care of these patients requires multidisciplinary involvement of imaging, medical, and surgical specialties. Imaging capabilities for evaluation of men with recurrent prostate cancer are rapidly evolving, particularly with PET and MRI. At the same time, treatment options and capabilities are expanding and improving. These recommendations separate patients into three broad categories: (1) patients status post-radical prostatectomy, (2) clinical concern for residual or recurrent disease after nonsurgical local and pelvic treatments, and (3) metastatic prostate. This article is a review of the current literature regarding imaging in these settings and the resulting recommendations for imaging. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer reviewed journals and the application of well-established methodologies (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where evidence is lacking or equivocal, expert opinion may supplement the available evidence to recommend imaging or treatment.

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Management of patients with an increasing prostate-specific antigen after radical prostatectomy

Cited by 6 publications

References 69 publications

The Retinoic Acid Synthesis Gene ALDH1a2 Is a Candidate Tumor Suppressor in Prostate Cancer

The Retinoic Acid Synthesis Gene ALDH1a2 Is a Candidate Tumor Suppressor in Prostate Cancer

A variant TMPRSS2 isoform and ERG fusion product in prostate cancer with implications for molecular diagnosis

ACR Appropriateness Criteria ® Post-treatment Follow-up Prostate Cancer

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