Management of Obesity in Adults: European Clinical Practice Guidelines

Tsigos, Constantine; Hainer, Vojtěch; Basdevant, Arnaud; Finer, Nick; Fried, Martin; Mathus-Vliegen, Elisabeth M. H.; Micić, Dragan; Maislos, Maximo; Román, Gabriela; Schütz, Y.; Toplak, Hermann; Zahorska-Markiewicz, Barbara

doi:10.1159/000126822

Cited by 345 publications

(308 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…• Personal data: Age, gender Patients were divided into three classes, according to the body mass index (BMI): Normal weight (IMC = 18.5-24.9 kg/m²), overweight (IMC = 25.0-29.9 kg/m²) and obese (IMC ≥ 30 kg/m²), according to the current international standards [2][3][4].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Changes in Overweight and Obese Patients

Alexescu

Cozma

Sitar-Tăut

et al. 2016

Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine

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Background. Obesity and overweight are two pathologies that are more and more frequent in the XXI st century diagnosis and are causing high morbidity and mortality rates in the general population, especially through cardiovascular complications.Aims. Identification and early diagnosis of cardiac changes in overweight and obese patients. Material and method. We carried out a sectional, analytical and observational study on 111 subjects: 27 normal weight subjects and 84 overweight and obese patients, which were submitted to a clinical exam, biochemical exams and 2D ultrasound.Results. The presence of diastolic dysfunction is twice more frequent in overweight patients in comparison to normal weight ones (30% vs 15%) and 5 times more frequent in obese patients than normal weight ones (75% vs 15%). The size increase of the interventricular septum is correlated with the body mass index, there being statistically significant differences between normal weight vs overweight vs obese patients, as well as between overweight and obese ones. Within the whole group and within the groups, both the left ventricle mass (g) as well as the left ventricle mass to body surface ratio (g/m²) are statistically significantly higher in patients with present diastolic dysfunction (E/A < 1). This indicates a relation between the presence of diastolic dysfunction, increased left ventricle mass and body mass index (p < 0.05).Conclusions. Overweight and obese patients, unlike normal weight ones, present early cardiac changes, such as: a decrease of left ventricle ejection fraction, diastolic dysfunction, thickening of the interventricular septum, increase of the left ventricle mass both per se as well as in ratio to body surface.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Changes in Overweight and Obese Patients

Alexescu

Cozma

Sitar-Tăut

et al. 2016

Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine

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“…BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in metres (kg/m 2 ). Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30·0 kg/m 2 and subcategories of obesity were defind as follows: class I as 30·0 ≤ BMI < 34·9 kg/m 2 ; class II as 35·0 ≤ BMI < 39·9 kg/m 2 ; and class III as BMI ≥ 40·0 kg/m 2 (26) . WC of ≥ 89 cm in men and ≥91 cm in women were considered as cut-off points for abdominal obesity, based on national cut-offs (27) ; although other WC cut-offs also exist for different Iraninan populations, we used the ones proposed by Delavari et al (27) since they are the only ones representative of the whole nation, with the largest sample size and are widely used in similar studies.…”

Section: Measurements and Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rising trends of obesity and abdominal obesity in 10 years of follow-up among Tehranian adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS)

Barzin

Keihani

Hosseinpanah

et al. 2015

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Some recent studies have shown stablity or declining trends in obesity while others still report increasing trends. The present study aimed to investigate the trends of obesity and abdominal obesity in Tehranian adults during a median follow-up of 10 years. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Community-based data collection from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Subjects: Participants from four phases of the TLGS from 1999 to 2011 (n 10 368), aged ≥20 years. Results: The crude prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity increased from 23·1 % and 47·9 % at baseline to 34·1 % and 71·1 % at the end of follow-up, respectively. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to analyse the correlated data and calculate the relative risks (RR). Risks of obesity and abdominal obesity increased over the whole study period for men (RR = 1·62; 95 % CI 1·49, 1·76 and RR = 1·46; 95 % CI 1·41, 1·52, respectively) and women (RR = 1·24; 95 % CI 1·19, 1·29 and RR = 1·22; 95 % CI 1·18, 1·27, respectively). These rising trends were observed in all subgroups regardless of age, marital status and educational level. Conclusions: Trends of obesity and abdominal obesity are increasing in Tehranian adults during a decade of follow-up in both genders and in all study subgroups. These results underscore the still growing obesity epidemic in the capital of Iran, calling for urgent action to educate people in lifestyle modifications and the need for effective preventive and educational strategies on obesity.

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“…These people are at an increased risk to suffer from cardiovascular disorders with hypertension (HTN) and heart failure (HF) being the most frequent. 2,3 The pathogenesis of obesity is multifactorial resulting from interaction of biological, social and environmental factors. 4 However, current investigations have elucidated some aspects of this pathogenesis which explain an association among a high body mass index, HTN and HF.…”

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confidence: 99%