Management of Metastatic and Invasive Bladder Cancer

Lerner, Seth P.; Sternberg, Cora N.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-6911-9.00082-7

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 222 publications

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“…However, our patients presented at late stages, in which surgery was not possible. Even in the few patients with transitional carcinoma, in which there is good response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in up to 70%, 17 cisplatin has to be substituted with carboplatin or oxaliplatin which are non-nephrotoxic though expensive 18 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of obstructive nephropathy in a tertiary hospital in North West Nigeria: A five-year review

Muhammad¹,

Abdulwahab-Ahmed²,

Agwu³

et al. 2018

East. Cent. Afr. J. Surg.

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Background: Obstructive nephropathy is managed initially with urinary diversion and possibly haemodialysis before definitive therapy. This study was aimed at determining the pattern of presentation, aetiology and management options of obstructive nephropathy in our practice. Methods: This was a five-year retrospective study of the patients managed for obstructive nephropathy at our facility from January 2011-December 2015. Data were collected via a pro forma and analysed using SPSS version 20.0.Results: There were 106 patients managed for obstructive nephropathy with a mean age of 48.3 ± 17. 4 years and age range of 4 months to 85 years. The male: female ratio was 10:1. The most common causes of obstructive nephropathy were bladder cancer (49.1%), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH, 22.6%), bilateral ureteric stone (5.7%) (22.6%), nephrostomy (2.8%) and dialysis (10.4%) were the initial treatments. Chemoradiation was done for the patients with bladder cancer and 17.9% of the patients had operative interventions, which included ureteroneocystostomy, open prostatectomy or transurethral resection of the prostate, and ureteroscopy + lithotripsy. Fifty-two patients (49.1%) died while awaiting dialysis and four patients (3.8%) developed end-stage renal disease. and bilateral schistosomal lower ureteric obstruction (4.7%). Urethral or suprapubic catheterisation Conclusions: Bladder carcinomas, BPH, ureteric obstruction are the commonest causes of obstructive nephropathy in our practice. The initial treatment includes urinary diversion and or dialysis before definitive treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of obstructive nephropathy in a tertiary hospital in North West Nigeria: A five-year review

Muhammad¹,

Abdulwahab-Ahmed²,

Agwu³

et al. 2018

East. Cent. Afr. J. Surg.

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“…Phase II and/or III trials of vinflunine (antitubulin), pemetrexed (antifolate), ixabepilone (nontaxane tubulin) and oxaliplatin (a third-generation platinum), as second-line treatment among cisplatin-pretreated patients (neoadjuvant/adjuvant cases being counted in some studies), resulted in 6-27.7% response rates, 1.5-2.9 months of PFS and 6.6-9.6 months of OS (8,19 (23). However, these studies included patients who had received adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy alone as the candidates, thus the efficacy of these regimens for metastatic UC that had failed salvage chemotherapy remained unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of docetaxel, ifosfamide and cisplatin (DIP) as a potential salvage chemotherapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma

Kakutani

Fukuhara

Taguchi

et al. 2014

Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology

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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of docetaxel, ifosfamide and cisplatin as salvage chemotherapy after failure of standard cisplatin-based regimens for metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Methods: We prospectively administered docetaxel, ifosfamide and cisplatin chemotherapy to patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma refractory to standard cisplatin-based regimens from 2003 to 2013. Patients who had received only adjuvant and/or neoadjuvant chemotherapy were excluded. Eligible patients received every 28 days docetaxel 60 mg/m 2 on Day 1, ifosfamide 1.0 g/m 2 on Days 2-6 and cisplatin 20 mg/m 2 on Days 2-6. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival and overall survival, calculated from the start of docetaxel, ifosfamide and cisplatin chemotherapy. Secondary endpoints included objective response and related toxicity. Results: Twenty-six cases received a median of 3.0 cycles of docetaxel, ifosfamide and cisplatin chemotherapy (interquartile range: 2-5), resulting in a median progression-free survival of 3 months (interquartile range: 2-9.5 months) and median overall survival of 8.5 months (interquartile range: 6.5-18.75 months), respectively. Of 26 patients, seven (27%) achieved major treatment responses, with one complete response (4%) and six partial responses (23%). Most of Grade 3/4 toxicities were hematologic events, including leukopenia (77%), anemia (54%) and thrombocytopenia (46%). No death from toxicity was observed. Conclusions: Our results indicate that docetaxel, ifosfamide and cisplatin chemotherapy is a tolerable and moderately active regimen for metastatic urothelial carcinoma after failure of standard cisplatin-based regimens.

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“…Radical cystectomy is the standard and most effective treatment for operable invasive bladder cancer;24,25 however, at initial diagnosis, one fifth of bladder cancer patients exhibit visceral metastasis and up to half of the remaining patients eventually develop invasive cancer and distant metastases 24,26. Chemotherapy with a combination of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin or gemcitabine and cisplatin is the common therapeutic option for distant metastases 23,25,26. Bone is the most common visceral metastatic site for bladder cancer, followed by lung and liver 27.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Urological Cancer Bone Metastasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 22 Although 70% of bladder cancers are superficial at presentation and can be managed by transurethral resection, 60% to 70% of superficial tumors recur and 20% to 30% of recurrent disease progresses to a higher stage or grade. 23 , 24 Radical cystectomy is the standard and most effective treatment for operable invasive bladder cancer; 24 , 25 however, at initial diagnosis, one fifth of bladder cancer patients exhibit visceral metastasis and up to half of the remaining patients eventually develop invasive cancer and distant metastases. 24 , 26 Chemotherapy with a combination of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin or gemcitabine and cisplatin is the common therapeutic option for distant metastases.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Urological Cancer Bone Metastasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Denosumab: a new option in the treatment of bone metastases from urological cancers

Yuasa¹,

Yamamoto²,

Urakami³

et al. 2012

OTT

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Bone metastases often create serious clinical problems: they lead to poor performance status due to pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression and intractable pain, commonly referred to as skeletal-related events. The receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK), the RANK ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin, a decoy receptor for RANK, regulate osteoclastogenesis and may play a key role in bone metastasis. Denosumab (XGEVA; Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA), a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to and neutralizes RANKL, inhibits osteoclast function, prevents generalized bone resorption and local bone destruction, and has become a therapeutic option for preventing or delaying first on-study skeletal-related events in various malignancies. In the context of urological cancer, three main Phase III clinical studies have been published in prostate cancer. This article provides a brief overview of the characteristics of bone metastasis in urological cancers, reviews the mechanisms of bone metastasis, including the RANK/RANKL/osteoprotegerin axis, the current standard of care, zoledronic acid, and describes the efficacy of the novel bone-targeted agent denosumab in bone metastasis. Denosumab is emerging as a key therapeutic option in the treatment of bone metastases from urological cancers.

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Management of Metastatic and Invasive Bladder Cancer

Cited by 8 publications

References 222 publications

Management of obstructive nephropathy in a tertiary hospital in North West Nigeria: A five-year review

Management of obstructive nephropathy in a tertiary hospital in North West Nigeria: A five-year review

Combination of docetaxel, ifosfamide and cisplatin (DIP) as a potential salvage chemotherapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma

Denosumab: a new option in the treatment of bone metastases from urological cancers

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