Management of Hepatitis B Virus in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Wu, Yibo; Huang, He; Luo, Yi

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.610500

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…In this experimentally validated perspective, it assumes a crucial importance the fact that pathogen (re)activation is mostly associated with immunosuppressive treatments, 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 that is, with treatments that in general implicate administration of glucocorticoids. As a matter of fact, it is well known that glucocorticosteroids can induce cell proliferation 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 so that, consequently, it can induce proliferation-associated tRNA changes and favor pathogen protein expression and (re)activation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Codon Usage: The Genetic Basis of Pathogen Latency

Kanduc

2021

Global Medical Genetics

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Infectious diseases pose two main compelling issues. First, the identification of the molecular factors that allow chronic infections, that is, the often completely asymptomatic coexistence of infectious agents with the human host. Second, the definition of the mechanisms that allow the switch from pathogen dormancy to pathologic (re)activation. Furthering previous studies, the present work (1) analyzes the frequency of occurrence of synonymous codons in coding DNA, that is, codon usage, as a genetic tool that rules protein expression; (2) describes how human codon usage can inhibit protein expression of infectious agents during latency, so that pathogen genes the codon usage of which does not conform to the human codon usage cannot be translated; and (3) frames human codon usage among the front-line instruments of the innate immunity against infections. In parallel, it is shown that, while genetics can account for the molecular basis of pathogen latency, the changes of the quantitative relationship between codon frequencies and isoaccepting tRNAs during cell proliferation offer a biochemical mechanism that explains the pathogen switching to (re)activation. Immunologically, this study warns that using codon optimization methodologies can (re)activate, potentiate, and immortalize otherwise quiescent, asymptomatic pathogens, thus leading to uncontrollable pandemics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, in a clinical context, the present study might also help understand the pathogen (re)activation phenomenon in infected fetuses and newborns (i.e., in organisms growing rapidly) 7 and pregnancy, 17 as well as in subjects treated with glucocorticoids following, for example, transplant procedures. 75 77 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Codon Usage: The Genetic Basis of Pathogen Latency

Kanduc

2021

Global Medical Genetics

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“…Immunosuppression causes reactivation of HBV replication on circular closed covalent DNA (cccDNA) in hepatocytes. 15 Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, rituximab, anti-thymocyte globulin globulin, and mycophenolate mofetil are agents used to suppress the immune system after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Since these drugs suppress the immune system, they increase the risk of HBVr in patients with HSCT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the frequency of hepatitis b virus reactivation and the importance of hepatitis b prophylaxis in hematology patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy: a single-center study

Doğan,

Ekinci,

Yıldırım Doğan

et al. 2023

JCHOR

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Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBVr) in hematology patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy in our center and the clinical characteristics of patients with HBVr. We will also investigate the importance of effective prevention of this potentially life-threatening event and management of hepatitis B virus (HBV) prophylaxis. Methods: In this study, hepatitis B prophylaxis and its effects on patients over 18 years of age receiving immunosuppressive therapy in the hematology clinic were analyzed. 122 patients were included in the study. The HBV markers of the patients were determined by the chemiluminescence method. In the study, HbsAg(+) and isolated antiHbc IgG-positive patients received prophylactic antiviral treatment. The differential diagnosis of HBV reactivation and the criteria determined to define HBV reactivation were performed. Clinical characteristics and descriptive information of patients receiving HBV prophylaxis were analyzed using SPSS 25.0. Results: The median age of 122 patients (59.8% male) was 58 years. It was determined that five HbsAg-positive patients had no prior follow-up and did not receive antiviral treatment. 117 patients had isolated anti-HBc IgG positivity. The median duration of prophylaxis was 15 (9- 21.25) months, and the total follow-up period was 19.5 (11.75- 30.25) months. 81.1% of the patients received regular HBV prophylaxis treatment; 59% of them received entecavir, and the rest received tenofovir disoproxil. Bone marrow transplantation was performed in 25 patients. HBV reactivation was detected in only 4 patients (3.3%); one of these patients had received allogeneic and one autologous bone marrow transplantation; and three patients had received chemoimmunotherapy including Rituximab. The diagnoses of the patients with HBVr were acute myeloid leukemia, lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. During the follow-up period, 29 patients (23.8%) died due to their primary disease, but there were no deaths due to HBV reactivation. Conclusion: The data obtained in this study show that effective hepatitis B prophylaxis treatment is successful in preventing HBV reactivation in hematology patients. HBVr was observed in four patients who did not take HBV prophylaxis medication regularly.

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“…To combat the effects of the cytokine storm, the use of SCT as a treatment option seems logical due to its anti-inflammatory actions. In addition, SCT has been researched previously as a potential treatment for viral infections such as hepatitis B ( 158 ), dengue virus ( 159 ), human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) ( 160 ), influenza virus ( 161 ), and lung diseases, namely chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( 162 ) and pulmonary fibrosis ( 163 ). Therefore, SCT was one of the very first clinical trials conducted in China as a promising treatment for patients with severe COVID-19 infections ( 40 ).…”

Section: Current Updates In Stem Cell Therapy In Various Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying stem cell therapy in intractable diseases: a narrative review of decades of progress and challenges

Brianna¹,

Ling²,

Wong³

2022

Stem Cell Investig

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Background and Objective: Stem cell therapy (SCT) is one of the vastly researched branches of regenerative medicine as a therapeutic tool to treat incurable diseases. With the use of human stem cells such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult stem cells (ASCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), stem cell therapy aims to regenerate or repair damaged tissues and congenital defects. As stem cells are able to undergo infinite self-renewal, differentiate into various types of cells and secrete protective paracrine factors, many researchers have investigated the potential of SCT in regenerative medicine. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive review on the recent application of SCT in various intractable diseases, namely, haematological diseases, neurological diseases, diabetes mellitus, retinal degenerative disorders and COVID-19 infections along with the challenges faced in the clinical translation of SCT.Methods: An extensive search was conducted on Google scholar, PubMed and Clinicaltrials.gov using related keywords. Latest articles on stem cell therapy application in selected diseases along with their challenges in clinical applications were selected.

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Management of Hepatitis B Virus in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Cited by 13 publications

References 91 publications

Human Codon Usage: The Genetic Basis of Pathogen Latency

Human Codon Usage: The Genetic Basis of Pathogen Latency

Evaluation of the frequency of hepatitis b virus reactivation and the importance of hepatitis b prophylaxis in hematology patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy: a single-center study

Applying stem cell therapy in intractable diseases: a narrative review of decades of progress and challenges

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