Management of generalised convulsive status epilepticus (SE): A prospective randomised controlled study of combined treatment with intravenous lorazepam with either phenytoin, sodium valproate or levetiracetam – Pilot study

Randomized trial of lacosamide versus fosphenytoin for nonconvulsive seizures

“…ASDs, particularly PHT and fPHT, have been used for patients with NCSs because practitioners are familiar with these agents, and they have demonstrated utility in GCSE . Valproic acid and levetiracetam, both available as IV ASDs, have been compared to each other and to PHT in SE with variable results . Many of these trials were randomized, but most were not blinded.…”

New experimental therapies for status epilepticus in preclinical development

“…In a small randomized, prospective study, valproic acid was at least as effective as intravenous phenytoin and levetiracetam when used as second-line therapy but with a superior cardiovascular safety profile compared with phenytoin [2]. In a pseudorandomized study, valproic acid was shown to be superior to levetiracetam (although at a lower dose than is often used) in the treatment of status epilepticus [3].…”

Algorithm for the treatment of status epilepticus: an Australian perspective

“…In addition, several other factors may have influenced results, such as the adequacy of first‐line benzodiazepine treatment, the time to treatment initiation and the underlying aetiology . Traditionally, phenytoin has been used as the first‐line AED due to historical evidence and its familiarity to users; however, it is often under dosed and carries the risk of significant side‐effects . In addition, a recent meta‐analysis showed that the efficacy of levetiracetam (68.5%), valproate (75.7%) and phenobarbitone (73.6%) were all greater than that of phenytoin (50.2%); whereas a smaller prospective study by Chakravarthi et al .…”