Management of Fusarium Basal Rot of Onion caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae through Desert Plants Extracts

Afzal, Muhammad; Sahi, Shahbaz Talib; Habib, Amer; Ashraf, Waqas; Zeshan, Muhammad; Raheel, Muhammad; Shakeel, Qaiser

doi:10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.4.1377.1383

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…[ 109 ], Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae [ 110 ], Penicillium hirsutum [ 111 , 112 ], Pyrenochaeta terrestris (H.N.). Although certain white-skinned varieties also show resistance, red-skinned garlic types often show stronger resistance to Embellisia allii than white-skinned cultivars [ 113 ].…”

Section: Disease-free Planting Stockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Preharvest Diseases in Garlic and Their Eco-Friendly Management Strategies

Anum,

Tong,

Cheng

2024

Plants

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Background: garlic reproduces mainly through clove planting, as sexual reproduction via seeds is uncommon. Growers encounter challenges with pathogens due to the larger size and vegetative nature of seed cloves, as well as the storage conditions conducive to fungal growth. Some Phyto-pathogenic fungi, previously unrecognized as garlic infections, can remain latent within bulb tissues long after harvest. Although outwardly healthy, these infected bulbs may develop rot under specific conditions. Aim of review: planting diseased seed cloves can contaminate field soil, with some fungal and bacterial infections persisting for extended periods. The substantial size of seed cloves makes complete eradication of deeply ingrained infections difficult, despite the use of systemic fungicides during the preplanting and postharvest phases. Additionally, viruses, resistant to fungicides, persist in vegetative material. They are prevalent in much of the garlic used for planting, and their host vectors are difficult to eliminate. To address these challenges, tissue-culture techniques are increasingly employed to produce disease-free planting stock. Key scientific concepts of the review: garlic faces a concealed spectrum of diseases that pose a global challenge, encompassing fungal threats like Fusarium’s vascular wilt and Alternaria’s moldy rot, bacterial blights, and the elusive garlic yellow stripe virus. The struggle to eliminate deeply ingrained infections is exacerbated by the substantial size of seed cloves. Moreover, viruses persist in garlic seeds, spreading through carrier vectors, and remain unaffected by fungicides. This review emphasizes eco-friendly strategies to address these challenges, focusing on preventive measures, biocontrol agents, and plant extracts. Tissue-culture techniques emerge as a promising solution for generating disease-free garlic planting material. The review advocates for ongoing research to ensure sustainable garlic cultivation, recognizing the imperative of safeguarding this culinary staple from an array of fungal and viral threats.

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Section: Disease-free Planting Stockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Preharvest Diseases in Garlic and Their Eco-Friendly Management Strategies

Anum,

Tong,

Cheng

2024

Plants

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show abstract

“…[102], Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae [103], Penicillium hirsutum [104,105], Pyrenochaeta terrestris (H.N. Although certain white-skinned varieties also show resistance, red-skinned garlic types often show stronger resistance to Embellisia allii than white-skinned cultivars [106].…”

Section: Resistant Cultivarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Pre-Harvest Diseases in Garlic and Their Eco-Friendly Management Strategies

Anum,

Cheng,

Tong

2023

Preprint

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Background: Garlic primarily reproduces through vegetative propagation using seed cloves due to infrequent sexual reproduction by true seeds. Growers encounter challenges with pathogens due to the larger size and vegetative nature of seed cloves, as well as the storage conditions conducive to fungal growth. Some Phyto-pathogenic fungi, previously unrecognized as garlic infections, can remain latent within bulb tissues long after harvest. Although outwardly healthy, these infected bulbs may develop rot under specific conditions. Aim of Review: Planting diseased seed cloves can contaminate field soil, with some fungal and bacterial infections persisting for extended periods. The substantial size of seed cloves makes complete eradication of deeply ingrained infections difficult, despite the use of systemic fungicides during pre-planting and post-harvest phases. Additionally, viruses, resistant to fungicides, persist in vegetative material. They are prevalent in much of the garlic used for planting and their host vectors are difficult to eliminate. To address these challenges, tissue culture techniques are increasingly employed to produce disease-free planting stock. Key Scientific Concepts of Review: This review delves into crucial scientific aspects related to garlic propagation and health. Garlic primarily reproduces through vegetative propagation using seed cloves, facing challenges due to their large size and susceptibility to fungal infections. Some fungal pathogens, recently identified as garlic threats, remain dormant within bulbs long after harvest, potentially causing rot under specific conditions. Planting infected seed cloves can introduce pathogens into the soil, where they may persist. Deeply ingrained infections can be challenging to eradicate due to the size of seed cloves. Additionally, viruses persist in garlic seeds and spread through their carrier vectors, unaffected by fungicides. To address these issues, tissue culture techniques offer a promising approach to produce disease-free garlic planting material. This review explores these concepts, emphasizing the importance of producing disease-free garlic seeds and strategies for mitigation.

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“…Onion is widely affected by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cepa (fusarium basal rot) [9] because it can remain viable in the soil for a long period of time in the absence of a host [10] and can cause severe losses to onion crops [11]. Onion plants infected with FBR exhibit disease symptoms at all growth stages, viz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Various Salinity Levels and Fusarium oxysporum as Stress Factors on the Morpho-Physiological and Yield Attributes of Onion

et al. 2023

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The onion (Allium cepa L.) belongs to the family Alliaceae and has paramount importance among vegetable crops around the globe. Salinity stress and the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cepa (FOC), which is the cause of basal rot, are potentially hazardous factors related to the yield of onion crops. The present study was conducted in CRD using three replicates in in vitro conditions and in a greenhouse to investigate the impact of stress factors (salinity levels and FOC) (T1 = Negative control; T2 = Positive control (FOC); T3 = EC 2.5 dS m−1; T4 = EC 3.5 dS m−1; T5 = EC 4.5 dS m−1; T6 = EC 2.5 dS m−1 + FOC; T7 = EC 3.5 dS m−1 + FOC; and T8 = EC 4.5 dS m−1 + FOC) on the morphological, physiological, and yield parameters of onions. Fungal biomass, in the in vitro condition, increased at a salinity level of 2–8 dS m−1. In the greenhouse, the application of salinity levels, viz. 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 dS m−1, and fungal pathogens exhibited a more severe impact on the severity of the disease, onion growth, and bulb compared to sole stress. Overall, the decreased levels of osmotic potential, total chlorophyll content, membrane stability index, and total protein were assessed in onion leaves, whereas total phenolics were enhanced in the mentioned stress conditions. Sugar contents were reduced due to the sole application of pathogens, whereas they were enhanced in the sole application of salinity stress and increased due to a combination of FOC and salinity level applications. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was not altered as a result of pathogen infection, while peroxidase (PO) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) contents were enhanced, and the activity of catalase (CAT) was reduced. Sole stress along with the combined application of salinity levels with fungal pathogens exhibited enhanced PO and PPO activity; in contrast, CAT and PAL activity decreased. In summary, onion crop cultivation in saline soil conditions increases the disease’s severity, which is caused by FOC. Furthermore, it is crucial to carry out field trials while considering these outcomes in order to support a strong strategy for reducing the tested stresses within a wider range of environmental conditions.

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Management of Fusarium Basal Rot of Onion caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae through Desert Plants Extracts

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Different Preharvest Diseases in Garlic and Their Eco-Friendly Management Strategies

Different Preharvest Diseases in Garlic and Their Eco-Friendly Management Strategies

Different Pre-Harvest Diseases in Garlic and Their Eco-Friendly Management Strategies

Impact of Various Salinity Levels and Fusarium oxysporum as Stress Factors on the Morpho-Physiological and Yield Attributes of Onion

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