Management of female infertility from hormonal causes

Abstract

Hormonal causes of female infertility involve ovulatory dysfunctions that may result from dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, peripheral endocrine glands, nonendocrine organs, or metabolic disorders. It is important to think of anovulation not as a diagnosis but as a symptom of a metabolic or endocrine disorder that requires a thorough diagnostic evaluation to identify the specific cause and to implement effective therapies that assure the best possible pregnancy outcome and avoid long-term adverse health consequences. In most instances, the medical history points to the underlying dysfunction, which can usually be confirmed with laboratory or imaging tests. For more challenging cases, more extensive evaluations may be needed, including perturbation studies. Nevertheless, the management of anovulatory infertility is gratifying because its causes are often manifest and the treatment usually results in resumption of ovulatory cycles, restoration of fertility, and healthy offspring through natural conception without requiring expensive and intrusive assisted reproductive technologies.

Incidence and etiologic factors responsible for anovulation in infertility cases

“…Molimina symptoms such as breast tenderness, headache, oedema and dysmenorrhoea are generally believed to occur in ovulatory cycles. 8,9 In the present study cervical mucus viscosity in ovulatory group to be low in 84.6% cases, moderate in 8.5% cases and high in 38% cases. In anovulatory cycles findings were reversed with viscosity at 14 th day it was moderate in 27.27%% and higher in 54.54% cases.…”

Follicular Analysis Graafian Follicle Due To Giving Red Fruit Oil Extract

“…One of the consequences of hormonal disorders is that it causes disruption of the folliculogenesis process, which affects the maturity of follicles It may affect the occurrence of anovulation as well [27] . Therapy that can be given for the case is GnRH therapy containing FSH to influence the maturity of oocytes to stimulate ovulation [28] . The red fruit oil extract is an alternative as FSH hormone therapy which is more economical and has no side effects that can stimulate the development of follicles into the graafian follicles stimulating ovulation [11] .…”

“…One of the benefits of image processing is identifying the area of an object. Extensive calculation of an image or object has some benefits, one of which is in calculating or observing the area or number of cell morphology and or bacteria [27,28,29] .…”

Combinational approach of retrospective clinical evidence and transcriptomics highlight AMH superiority to FSH, as successful ICSI outcome predictor

“…A limitation was to be expected by the structure of this study due to its retrospective character. Nonetheless, matched RNA patient samples and extended registered values in terms of patient demographics (e.g., parameters such as TSH, free T4/T3, progesterone levels, prolactin, and cortisol [56,57] could shed new light in the biological factors between cumulus cells and oocyte quality factors while decreasing discrepancies due to patient ethnic origin. Furthermore, AMH assays were conducted in patient selected, private diagnostic centers.…”