Management of Extra-cranial Vertebral Artery Injuries

Abstract

Angiography and intervention is of great benefit in the diagnosis and management of traumatic vertebral artery injuries. Angiography often avoids unnecessary exploration and permits endovascular treatment.

Role of Angio-Embolisation in Trauma-Review

“…In some cases where double ligation of vertebral artery failed to stop the bleeding, AE stopped the bleeding successfully (114). The mortality associated with vertebral artery injury may attain 7% (97).…”

“…The vertebral artery may be injured in blunt injury (97) causing fractures of the cervical spine, in penetrating injuries (98,99), and in gunshot injuries of neck and upper chest (100,101). It can manifest as retropharyngeal haematoma (102), bleeding from the throat (100), or cerebral infarction (103).…”

Two cases with giant pseudo-aneurysm of vertebral artery secondary to shrapnel injury

“…In this paper, we aimed to present two cases with PA which developed in the VA after shrapnel injury during the civil war in Syria [4].…”

“…Placement of a central venous catheter into the jugular vein, intravascular radiological interventions for diagnosis and treatment, and spinal surgery are among the reasons of pseudo-aneurysm (PA) [3]. Hemorrhages, thrombosis, arteriovenous fistulas, stenosis, and PAs develop after these injuries in the VA [4].…”

Penetrating Vertebral Artery Pseudoaneurysm: A Novel Endovascular Stent Graft Treatment With Artery Preservation

“…1 Penetrating neck injuries secondary to gunshot or stab wounds are the most common causes of vertebral artery injury. [2][3][4][5] Approximately 1% to 6% of penetrating neck injuries result in a vertebral artery injury. [2][3][4] Historically, blunt vertebral artery injury has been uncommon.…”