Management of Empty Pesticide Containers—A Study of Practices in Santa Cruz, Bolivia

Huici, Omar; Skovgaard, Marlene; Condarco, Guido; Jørs, Erik; Jensen, Olaf Chresten

doi:10.1177/1178630217716917

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It is highly unlikely that such knowledge exists among the subjects in our study. In order to discourage the recycling of empty containers and their use to store food and water, Huici et al (2017) reported training sessions in Bolivia focused on the proper management of empty pesticide containers, with triple rinsing and puncturing of the containers to prevent reuse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide Exposure: The Case of Open-field and Greenhouse Workers

Esechie

2020

JEE

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A study was conducted among greenhouse and open field pesticide workers at the Batinah Coast of Oman in 2008 - 2009 to compare their level of pesticide exposure. A total of 74 greenhouse and 79 open field pesticide workers using pesticide mixtures consisting mostly of organophosphates were interviewed. Eighteen self-reported toxicity symptoms were recorded, with 9 and 3 of them being more prevalent among the greenhouse and open field workers, respectively. Although toxicity symptoms were generally higher among the greenhouse workers, it was observed that many of them indulged in smoking and gum chewing during pesticide application and these habits may have contributed to increased exposure. Most of the workers complained of discomfort when using protective devices, therefore it is recommended that protective materials adapted to the climate and socio-economic conditions of the pesticide workers be developed, and that they be encouraged to use them through appropriate educational efforts and incentives.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide Exposure: The Case of Open-field and Greenhouse Workers

Esechie

2020

JEE

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“…In using MEMC in sugarcane plantations, cases of mercury poisoning may occur if a farm worker comes into contact with Shirtan 1 via ingestion or dermal absorption, either through the skin or orally. This is a concern as it is not uncommon for chemical users to apply or dispose of hazardous chemicals incorrectly (Calliera et al, 2013;Huici et al, 2017;Bagheri et al, 2021). Although modern information and regulations imposed on the handling of mercury pesticides in Australia are comprehensive, they require workers to strictly follow procedures.…”

Section: Mercury Toxicity To Corals Of the Great Barrier Reefmentioning

confidence: 99%

When toxic chemicals refuse to die—An examination of the prolonged mercury pesticide use in Australia

Schneider

2021

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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Mercury, even in low concentrations, is known to cause severe adverse human health effects. In the early 1900s, mercury became a popular fungicide ingredient, leading to multiple poisoning incidents that forced much of the world to act upon phasing out mercury use in agriculture. These incidents spurred the advancement of mercury science and the implementation of international policies and regulations to control mercury pollution worldwide. Despite these developments internationally, Australia continued using methoxyethyl mercury chloride as a fungicide to treat sugarcane against the fungi Ceratocystis paradoxa (pineapple disease). At the request of the manufacturer and following pressure from Australian researchers and the Minamata Convention on Mercury, Australian authorities announced a ban on mercury-containing pesticide in May 2020. Australia’s unique reluctance to act on controlling this hazardous pollutant makes it an interesting case study for policy inaction that runs counter to global policy trends and evidence-based decision making. As such, it can provide insights into the challenges of achieving multilateral agreement on difficult environmental issues such as global warming. In this review, I discuss the scientific development and policy decisions related to mercury fates and exposure of wildlife and humans in Australia to mercury used in pesticide. The historical uses of mercury pesticide and poisoning incidents worldwide are described to contextualize Australia’s delayed action on banning and controlling this chemical product compared to other nations. Regulations on mercury use in Australia, which has not ratified the Minamata Convention on mercury, are compared to those of major sugarcane and pesticide producer nations (Brazil, China, Japan, India, Thailand, and United States) which have ratified the Convention and replaced mercury pesticides with alternative products. I discuss how mercury regulations have the potential to protect the environment, decrease human exposure to mercury, and safeguard the ban on mercury products. Ratifying the Minamata Convention would give Australia equal footing with its international counterparts in global efforts to control global mercury pollution.

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“…A study on pesticide control policies in European countries identified differences in policies and public debates, including that despite the different policies adopted, public debates and regulations are increasing, indicating the need for greater data sharing [35]. A study conducted in Bolivia pointed that the main gaps on agrochemicals reverse supply chain are lack of knowledge and precise lines for farmers [36]. Zhao et al [37] conducted a case study creating a simulator called i-certificate, which encompasses a blockchain to promote voluntary adoption of renewable energy.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

APTM: A Model for Pervasive Traceability of Agrochemicals

et al. 2021

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As the world population increases and the need for food monoculture farms are using more and more agrochemicals, there is also an increase in the possibility of theft, misuse, environmental damage, piracy of products, and health problems. This article addresses these issues by introducing the agrochemical pervasive traceability model (APTM), which integrates machine learning, sensors, microcontrollers, gamification, and two blockchains. It contributes in two dimensions: (I) the study of the environmental, product piracy and regulatory of agrochemical control; (II) the technological dimension: application of an adequate set of sensors collecting multiple data; modeling and implementation of a system via machine learning for analyzing and predicting the behavior and use of agrochemicals; development of a scoring system via gamification for reverse use of agrochemicals; and presenting a record of transactions in a consortium of two blockchains, simultaneously. Its main advantage is to be a flexible, adaptable, and expansive model. Results indicated that the model has positive aspects, from detecting the agrochemical, its handling, and disposal, recording of transactions, and data visualization along the reverse supply chain. This study obtained a round trip time of 0.510 ms on average; data transfers between layer one and its persistence in the database were between 4 to 5 s. Thus, blockchain nodes consumed only 34 to 38% of CPU and recorded transactions between 2 to 4 s. These results point to a horizon of applicability in real situations within agricultural farms.

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Management of Empty Pesticide Containers—A Study of Practices in Santa Cruz, Bolivia

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Pesticide Exposure: The Case of Open-field and Greenhouse Workers

Pesticide Exposure: The Case of Open-field and Greenhouse Workers

When toxic chemicals refuse to die—An examination of the prolonged mercury pesticide use in Australia

APTM: A Model for Pervasive Traceability of Agrochemicals

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