2008
DOI: 10.1002/bjs.6127
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Management of early rectal cancer

Abstract: Background: Early rectal cancer (ERC) is adenocarcinoma that has invaded into, but not extended beyond, the submucosa of the rectum (that is a T1 tumour). Local excision is curative for low-risk ERCs but for high-risk cancers such management is controversial.

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Cited by 141 publications
(105 citation statements)
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References 109 publications
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“…Submucosally invasive colorectal carcinoma is associated with excellent outcomes and low rates of lymph node metastases, and a subset of patients can be successfully managed with endoscopic mucosal resection or polypectomy, 42 thus avoiding the risks associated with segmental resection. Identification of candidates for endoscopic resection rests mainly on the absence of certain high-risk histopathological features, namely high tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion, and tumor budding.…”
Section: Tumor Budding In Early Colorectal Carcinomamentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Submucosally invasive colorectal carcinoma is associated with excellent outcomes and low rates of lymph node metastases, and a subset of patients can be successfully managed with endoscopic mucosal resection or polypectomy, 42 thus avoiding the risks associated with segmental resection. Identification of candidates for endoscopic resection rests mainly on the absence of certain high-risk histopathological features, namely high tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion, and tumor budding.…”
Section: Tumor Budding In Early Colorectal Carcinomamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Identification of candidates for endoscopic resection rests mainly on the absence of certain high-risk histopathological features, namely high tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion, and tumor budding. 26,42 Tumor extending to the cauterized margin can often be managed by endoscopic follow up.…”
Section: Tumor Budding In Early Colorectal Carcinomamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Sm1 defines invasion of cancer into upper third of submucosa, sm2 is invasion of cancer into middle third and sm3 is invasion into the lower third of the submucosal layer [15] (Figure 2). The frequency of lymph node metastases increases with the sm-level [16].…”
Section: Staging and Substaging Of Rectal Cancersmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…El tipo y extensión de la cirugía depende de: la etapa preoperatoria, la distancia al complejo esfinteriano, la terapia neoadyuvante, las características histopatológicas y la capacidad del paciente para tolerar una cirugía radical [15,16] La decisión sobre el tipo de técnica quirúrgica histológico del tumor, ya que en los tumores muy indiferenciados la infiltración intramural distal es mayor, por lo que el margen de resección distal debe extenderse 5 cm del xistencia o no de metástasis hepáticas o pulmonares es imprescindible para decidir si un paciente debe ser intervenido y a qué El paciente, dependiendo de la edad, sexo, condicionar la decisión quirúrgica; así la cirugía conservadora de esfínteres no tiene indicación en caso de incontinencia fecal. Tampoco tiene sentido una intervención quirúrgica mayor en pacientes con malas condiciones omatología y Existen cuatro objetivos mayores en el tratamiento del cáncer rectal: Control local de la enfermedad, sobrevida a largo plazo, Preservación del esfínter anal, función vesical y sexual.…”
Section: Tratamiento Quirúrgico Del Cáncer De Recto Resecableunclassified
“…El tipo y extensión de la cirugía depende de: la etapa preoperatoria, la distancia al complejo esfinteriano, la terapia neoadyuvante, las apacidad del paciente para tolerar una cirugía radical [15,16].…”
Section: Tratamiento Quirúrgico Del Cáncer Deunclassified