Management of Early-Instar Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Field-Grown Nursery Crops

Abstract

Numerous field studies were conducted in commercial nurseries in Tennessee from 1996 through 1999 to evaluate chemical and biological treatments, application timing and rates, and method of application for control of early instars of Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman. Insecticide treatments included bifenthrin, bendiocarb, chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, fipronil, halofenozide, imidacloprid, permethrin, tefluthrin, thiamethoxam, and trichlorfon. Biological treatments included entomopathogenic nematodes (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HP88 or H. marelatus, Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subspecies japonensis Buibui strain, and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin. All treatments were applied on the soil surface or injected into the soil around the base of each tree. Tree type and size varied among and within tests, however, the sampling unit (61-cm-diameter root ball) remained the same throughout all tests. The biological treatments provided poor-to-moderate control (0-75%) of Japanese beetle larvae. Imidacloprid was the most frequently evaluated insecticide and achieved 91-100, 87-100, 83-100, and 41-100% control with applications in May, June, July, and August, respectively. Halofenozide treatments were not significantly different from imidacloprid treatments with one exception. Halofenozide provided 60-87, 85-100, and 82-92 control with applications made in June, July, and August, respectively. Fipronil and thiamethoxam were evaluated to a lesser extent but both performed similarly to imidacloprid. Most other insecticide treatments were less successful in reducing numbers of Japanese beetle larvae and with few exceptions achieved <50% control.

Conidia production by Beauveria bassiana (for the biocontrol of a diamondback moth) during solid-state fermentation in a packed-bed bioreactor

“…The genus Beauveria, which is known as an imperfect state of Cordyceps, has potential in herbal medicines as well as biocontrol agents against insect pests. B. bassiana is one of the most commonly occurring entomopathogenic fungal species, and shows strong pathogenicity to Lepidoptera, Hymenopterta, Coleoptera, and Leptinotarsa (Harris et al 2000, Fernandez et al 2001, Mannion et al 2001, Phoofolo et al 2001.…”

Survival of Adult <I>Tiphia vernalis</I> (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae) After Insecticide, Fungicide, and Herbicide Exposure in Laboratory Bioassays

“…Therefore, methods that reduce pesticide residues on leaf surfaces such as posttreatment irrigation or subsurface pesticide placement, when compatible with the requirements for effective pest control, may enhance conservation of T. vernalis. The pesticides tested are all applied occasionally to commonly in the landscape, nursery, and turf industries during the T. vernalis ßight interval (Watschke et al 1994, Garber and Hudson 1996, Braman et al 1997, Mannion et al 2001, TOR 2005, which occurs from mid-April to late June depending on geographic location (Rogers and Potter 2004b; J.B.O. and M.G.K., unpublished data).…”

Japanese Beetle and Other Coleoptera Feeding on Grapevines in Eastern North America

“…It was also reported to be an inferior control agent for JB by Georgis and Gaugler ( 1991 ) . The entomopathogenic nematodes H. bacteriophora HP88 and H. marelatus Liu & Berry performed poorly to moderately (Mannion et al 2001 ) . Elsewhere, H. marelatus has outperformed insecticides in other trials (Mannion et al 2000 ) .…”

“…japonensis strain Buibui, to cause limited to high mortality. According to Mannion et al ( 2001 ) this strain of B. thuringiensis , and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin caused poor to moderate mortality.…”