Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) Pandemic: From Diagnosis to Treatment Strategies

Abstract

Following the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012, the world is now combating a third large‐scale outbreak caused by a coronavirus, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). After the rapid spread of SARS‐coronavirus (CoV)‐2 (the virus causing COVID‐19) from its origin in China, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on January 30, 2020. From the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic, a significant number of studies have been conducted to better understand the biology and pathogenesis of the novel coronavirus, and to aid in developing effective treatment regimens, therapeutics, and vaccines. This review focuses on the recent advancements in the rapidly evolving areas of clinical care and management of COVID‐19. The emerging strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease are explored, and the development of effective vaccines is reviewed.

Post-COVID-19 Scenarios in the East African Community: Implications for Sustainable Development

“…Yet further, various epic reports have traced and superfluously examined the origin and the molecular mechanism of viral entry and replication of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus- [9,39]. Therefore, if SARS-CoV-2 pre-adapted in a staging (intermediary) animal species as it is presupposed, then humanity is still at an existential risk of future re-emergence of such viruses [9,36].…”

“…Yet further, various epic reports have traced and superfluously examined the origin and the molecular mechanism of viral entry and replication of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus- [9,39]. Therefore, if SARS-CoV-2 pre-adapted in a staging (intermediary) animal species as it is presupposed, then humanity is still at an existential risk of future re-emergence of such viruses [9,36]. In addition, the zoonotic nature of COVID-19 is suggestive that such pandemics are driven by habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss, domestication or consumption of wild animalbased foods [39][40][41][42][43].…”

“…Unquestionably, the world must expertly single out the profound lessons this ferocious pandemic has offered to leverage for a better, resilient and sustainable tomorrow [3][4][5][6][7]. The health impacts of COVID-19 seem to have attracted the most attention [8], particularly regarding vaccine development [9]. Yet, the future is uncertain-the pandemic has instilled fears in humanity-and its psychological impacts (that might well outlive the pandemic itself) are apparently underestimated [8,10,11].…”

Emerging trends in point-of-care biosensing strategies for molecular architectures and antibodies of SARS-CoV-2

“…The other forms of human transmissible coronaviruses are, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) that emerged in 2002 and 2012, respectively ( N. Zhu et al, 2020 ). SARS-CoV-2 mainly attacks the respiratory system, goblet cells in the nose, intestinal tract, kidney, and liver ( Hadisi et al, 2021 ). Viruses in common are parasites that require a host cell to replicate.…”

Screening, Diagnostic and Prognostic Tests for COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review

“…Speed of results could certainly be improved with better test-to-laboratory and results to clinician pathways, but improving the efficiency of these steps is not always straightforward. The COVID-19 pandemic has however highlighted the importance of low-cost rapid point of care (POC) virology diagnostics [19].…”