Management of Clostridioides difficile Infection: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Future Perspectives

Cymbal, Michael; Chatterjee, Arjun; Baggott, Brian; Auron, Moises

doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2024.03.024

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…The use of antibiotics is widely endorsed in the literature and in guidelines; however, adverse events may occur. For example, Clostridioides difficile colitis resulting from changes in the gut microbiome can develop in patients treated with antibiotics [115]. On the other hand, unnecessary use of antibiotics can lead to an increased risk of colonization and infection by pathogens with AMR [116].…”

Section: Natural Products For the Management Of Urinary Tract Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Cranberry, D-Mannose, and Flavonoids against Infectious Diseases: The Example of Urinary Tract Infections

Ioannou,

Baliou

2024

Antibiotics

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The treatment of infectious diseases typically includes the administration of anti-infectives; however, the increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) have led to attempts to develop other modalities, such as antimicrobial peptides, nanotechnology, bacteriophages, and natural products. Natural products offer a viable alternative due to their potential affordability, ease of access, and diverse biological activities. Flavonoids, a class of natural polyphenols, demonstrate broad anti-infective properties against viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Their mechanisms of action include disruption of microbial membranes, inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, and interference with bacterial enzymes. This review explores the potential of natural compounds, such as flavonoids, as an alternative therapeutic approach to combat infectious diseases. Moreover, it discusses some commonly used natural products, such as cranberry and D-mannose, to manage urinary tract infections (UTIs). Cranberry products and D-mannose both, yet differently, inhibit the adhesion of uropathogenic bacteria to the urothelium, thus reducing the likelihood of UTI occurrence. Some studies, with methodological limitations and small patient samples, provide some encouraging results suggesting the use of these substances in the prevention of recurrent UTIs. While further research is needed to determine optimal dosages, bioavailability, and potential side effects, natural compounds hold promise as a complementary or alternative therapeutic strategy in the fight against infectious diseases.

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Section: Natural Products For the Management Of Urinary Tract Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Cranberry, D-Mannose, and Flavonoids against Infectious Diseases: The Example of Urinary Tract Infections

Ioannou,

Baliou

2024

Antibiotics

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The Incidence of Clostridioides difficile Infection in the Post-COVID-19 Era in a Hospital in Northern Greece

Terzaki,

Kouroupis,

Zarras

et al. 2024

Diseases

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Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has evolved to be the most significant cause of healthcare-associated diarrhoea and one of the leading representatives of healthcare-associated infections, with a high associated mortality. The aim of this retrospective study was to record the incidence rates and the epidemiological and clinical features of CDI in a large tertiary hospital of northern Greece in the years 2022-2023. All patients with CDI-compatible symptomatology and a positive CDI diagnostic test (GDH—glutamate dehydrogenase and toxin-positive FIA—Fluorescent Immuno-chromatography—SD Biosensor, and/or film array) were included (104 from a total of 4560 admitted patients). Their demographic, laboratory, and clinical data were recorded and analysed. The incidence of CDI in admitted patients was found to be higher than previous reports in the geographical area, reaching 54.6/10,000 patient days and following a rising trend over the course of the study. Thirty-day mortality was high (39.4%), potentially related to new emerging hypervirulent C. difficile strains. In view of the high prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms in the region, and the significant mortality associated with this infection, these findings particularly point to the need for the implementation of organized surveillance and infection prevention protocols.

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Management of Clostridioides difficile Infection: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Future Perspectives

Cited by 2 publications

References 17 publications

The Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Cranberry, D-Mannose, and Flavonoids against Infectious Diseases: The Example of Urinary Tract Infections

The Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Cranberry, D-Mannose, and Flavonoids against Infectious Diseases: The Example of Urinary Tract Infections

The Incidence of Clostridioides difficile Infection in the Post-COVID-19 Era in a Hospital in Northern Greece

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