Management of cervical esophageal and hypopharyngeal perforations

Iatrogenic pyriform sinus perforation during endoscopic ultrasonography

“…The types of surgical treatments available include operative drainage, primary closure of the perforation, and/or muscle flap reinforcement. 7 It remains controversial that which management option is most appropriate for a pyriform sinus rupture. Multiple factors should be reviewed and checked before deciding on the treatment method for a pyriform sinus rupture.…”

“…Some retrospective studies have analyzed the treatment outcomes of cervical esophageal and hypopharyngeal perforations. Zenga et al 7 showed the factors favoring surgical treatment. They reviewed 28 patients with cervical esophageal or hypopharyngeal perforations.…”

Blunt Pharyngoesophageal Injuries: Current Management Strategies

“…Therefore, our reported incidence of 0.02% for blunt trauma patients and 4.7% for patients with a blunt injury to the neck is likely representative of the true incidence. Most pharyngeal injuries are known to be iatrogenic occurring during instrumentation of the pharyngoesophagus or during cervical discectomy and/or fusion (10). The presence of foreign bodies in this region is another described mechanism (11).…”

Hypopharyngeal perforation with mediastinal dissection during orogastric tube placement: a rare complication of bariatric surgery

“…When patients exhibit these symptoms in a persistent manner after surgery, the possibility of upper aerodigestive tract perforation should be seriously considered [2,7,8,10]. Although immediate surgery remains the mainstay of treatment for perforations at the hypopharyngeal region, nonoperative management of nil per os with empiric antibiotics could be conducted in some selected patients, except those who had eaten between initial injury and diagnosis, had delayed diagnosis for more than 24 hours, or who presented with systemic toxicity [11].…”