Management of cancer pain: 1. Wider implications of orthodox analgesics

Effect of mu Agonists on Long-Term Survival and Recurrence in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients

“…Postoperative mu agonists, playing the role as both “fertilizer” and “pesticide” for the “seed” CTCs, can protect and enhance the proliferation and function of CTCs during perioperative period. 8 Vitro studies indicated that mu agonists could increase the number of CTCs by accelerating cell cycle progression and cancer cell replication and by inhibiting apoptosis. 33 Moreover, mu agonists could promote CTCs on the function of invasiveness and metastasis.…”

“… 7 What is more, it has been reported that morphine may promote cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis, and inhibit apoptosis through binding to mu-opioid receptor (MOR). 8 Otherwise, opioids also depress host immunity and alter neuroendocrine system function. 9 , 10 …”

Effect of mu Agonists on Long-Term Survival and Recurrence in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients

“…Postoperative mu agonists, playing the role as both “fertilizer” and “pesticide” for the “seed” CTCs, can protect and enhance the proliferation and function of CTCs during perioperative period. 8 Vitro studies indicated that mu agonists could increase the number of CTCs by accelerating cell cycle progression and cancer cell replication and by inhibiting apoptosis. 33 Moreover, mu agonists could promote CTCs on the function of invasiveness and metastasis.…”

“… 7 What is more, it has been reported that morphine may promote cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis, and inhibit apoptosis through binding to mu-opioid receptor (MOR). 8 Otherwise, opioids also depress host immunity and alter neuroendocrine system function. 9 , 10 …”

Unveiling the Impact of Morphine on Tamoxifen Metabolism in Mice in vivo

“…Morphine and tamoxifen co-treatments are given after surgeries or in the case of severe cancer pain (27). Otherwise, codeine and/or paracetamol are widely prescribed (8). In human, these two compounds are metabolized by the same CYPs (6D6/3A4) and UGTs (1A10, 1A4, 1A8, 2B7, and 2B15) (28, 29) as tamoxifen and might have a more complex impact on tamoxifen metabolic pathways (30,31).…”

“…Cancer-associated pain resulting from metastases, anticancer treatment or surgery represents a major problem that is treated with analgesic drugs including morphine, codeine, and/or paracetamol (8). Morphine remains the gold standard for moderate and severe pain relief despite side effects that limit its chronic use (9).…”

Effect of mu Agonists on Long-Term Survival and Recurrence in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients

“…Postoperative mu agonists, playing the role as both “fertilizer” and “pesticide” for the “seed” CTCs, can protect and enhance the proliferation and function of CTCs during perioperative period. 8 Vitro studies indicated that mu agonists could increase the number of CTCs by accelerating cell cycle progression and cancer cell replication and by inhibiting apoptosis. 33 Moreover, mu agonists could promote CTCs on the function of invasiveness and metastasis.…”

“… 7 What is more, it has been reported that morphine may promote cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis, and inhibit apoptosis through binding to mu-opioid receptor (MOR). 8 Otherwise, opioids also depress host immunity and alter neuroendocrine system function. 9 , 10 …”

Unveiling the Impact of Morphine on Tamoxifen Metabolism in Mice in vivo

“…Morphine and tamoxifen co-treatments are given after surgeries or in the case of severe cancer pain (27). Otherwise, codeine and/or paracetamol are widely prescribed (8). In human, these two compounds are metabolized by the same CYPs (6D6/3A4) and UGTs (1A10, 1A4, 1A8, 2B7, and 2B15) (28, 29) as tamoxifen and might have a more complex impact on tamoxifen metabolic pathways (30,31).…”

“…Cancer-associated pain resulting from metastases, anticancer treatment or surgery represents a major problem that is treated with analgesic drugs including morphine, codeine, and/or paracetamol (8). Morphine remains the gold standard for moderate and severe pain relief despite side effects that limit its chronic use (9).…”

Effect of mu Agonists on Long-Term Survival and Recurrence in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients

“…Postoperative mu agonists, playing the role as both “fertilizer” and “pesticide” for the “seed” CTCs, can protect and enhance the proliferation and function of CTCs during perioperative period. 8 Vitro studies indicated that mu agonists could increase the number of CTCs by accelerating cell cycle progression and cancer cell replication and by inhibiting apoptosis. 33 Moreover, mu agonists could promote CTCs on the function of invasiveness and metastasis.…”

“… 7 What is more, it has been reported that morphine may promote cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis, and inhibit apoptosis through binding to mu-opioid receptor (MOR). 8 Otherwise, opioids also depress host immunity and alter neuroendocrine system function. 9 , 10 …”

Unveiling the Impact of Morphine on Tamoxifen Metabolism in Mice in vivo

“…Morphine and tamoxifen co-treatments are given after surgeries or in the case of severe cancer pain (27). Otherwise, codeine and/or paracetamol are widely prescribed (8). In human, these two compounds are metabolized by the same CYPs (6D6/3A4) and UGTs (1A10, 1A4, 1A8, 2B7, and 2B15) (28, 29) as tamoxifen and might have a more complex impact on tamoxifen metabolic pathways (30,31).…”

“…Cancer-associated pain resulting from metastases, anticancer treatment or surgery represents a major problem that is treated with analgesic drugs including morphine, codeine, and/or paracetamol (8). Morphine remains the gold standard for moderate and severe pain relief despite side effects that limit its chronic use (9).…”