Management of bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) of potato: focus on natural bioactive compounds

Abstract

The bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is an extremely destructive soil borne bacterial pathogen to potato. It appeared as rapid and fatal wilting symptoms in the host. The pathogen entered through different wounds and easily disseminated via infected biological material, soil, contaminated irrigation water, surface water, farm equipment etc. and could survive for many years in association with alternate hosts. It is a widely distributed and very much diversified soil borne pathogen having an unusually broad host range with long-term survivable ability. Direct yield losses caused by the pathogen varied from 30 to 90% depending on different factors such as cultivar, weather factors, soil type, cropping pattern and strain etc. Bacterial wilt continued to be an economically serious problem for field-grown potatoes in many tropical, subtropical and warmer areas of the world including Bangladesh. But the effectiveness of conventional management is limited because of some special biological features of the bacteria. Mostly protective methods and chemical control remain ineffective, antibiotics show hardly any effect, and efficacious biocontrol method has yet to be developed against the organism. However, during the recent decades, some natural bioactive compounds, viz. propolis, honey, turmeric, magnesium chloride, cow dung, aromatic rice extract, iodine, sodium bicarbonate etc. have got attention for their effectiveness in inhibiting a range of serious bacterial pathogens from both Gram positive and Gram negative types. As no conventional method has been found effective alone, such compounds could be tested for their effectiveness against the very successful soil borne bacteria to overcome the traditional management limitations.

Detecting pathogenic bacterial wilt disease of potato using biochemical markers and evaluate resistant in some cultivars

“…These bacteria are considered soil borne, so it's usually attack plants through the roots and colonizes xylem vessels ( García et al, 2019 ). As the vascular bundles in the diseased plants are filled with bacteria impede that transport of water and nutrients, and thus the symptoms appear, which are yellowing of the leaves, redness of the vascular bundles, necrosis, and ultimately the total wilt of the infected plants, then followed by physiological modifications in the diseased plants, such as increasing the respiratory rate and reducing transpiration and photosynthesis ( Karim and Hossain, 2018 ).…”

“…As the disease incidence and severity varies between potato cultivars, due to the presence of genetic differences between ones. Studies have shown that Spunta and Bellini cultivars are among the most susceptible to the disease, unlike Mondial cultivar ( Karim and Hossain, 2018 ). So the studies illustrate that the highest genetic similarity was found between Bellini and Spunta as the closest but the lowest value was found between Mondial and Bellini as most distant ( ELHetawy, 2018 ).…”

Soluble Concentrate Formulation of Oxalic Acid and N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine: Potential of Use in Controlling Ralstonia solanacearum

“…Protection methods and chemical control of R. solanacearum are ineffective. Antibiotics show no effect and the biological control method has not yet been developed against this organism (Karim and Hossain, 2018).…”

Microbial biodiversity as related to crop succession and potato intercropping for management of brown rot disease

“…According to FAO and EU regulations, potatoes for exportation must be produced in pest-free areas (PFAs) mostly located in the newly reclaimed areas (NRAs). Meanwhile, controlling the disease in old potato fields is a complicated task, and single management regime showed limited success (Karim and Hossain 2018), in addition to the hazardous environmental impact. A study on the survival of the pathogen in Dutch versus Egyptian soil(s) was investigated and compared by Messiha NAS (2006) where survival of the pathogen and disease management was attributed to physical, chemical, and microbial factors.…”