Management of Aging Neck

Hg, Brennan; Rj, Koch

doi:10.1055/s-0028-1082415

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…BoNTs have been applied, often with good results, in the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions associated with involuntary muscle spasm and contractions 49–59. These have included various forms of dystonia,60–64 disorders of the alimentary tract,65–67 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,68 dermatological and cosmetic uses,69–76 various types of tremors and neuromyotonia,77–83 spasticity,54, 84–86 clinical ophthalmology,87–92 cerebral palsy,52, 93–95 disorders of anal sphincter,96–100 urethral dilatation,101 otorhinolaryngology,102, 103 tardive dyskinesia,104 stiff‐person syndrome,105 adult strabismus,106 gustatory sweating of the neck (Frey's syndrome),107–111 focal hyperhidrosis,112 and esophageal motor disorders 113…”

Section: Clinical Applications Of Botulinum Neurotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic immunological aspects of botulinum toxin therapy

Atassi

2004

Mov Disord.

103

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Previous studies in this laboratory had mapped the immune recognition profile of the regions recognized antibodies (Abs) and by T cells on the protective H(C) domain (C-terminal fragment corresponding to residues 855-1296 of the heavy chain) of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A). The localization of these regions has several potential applications and has provided a basis for the understanding of immunoresistance to treatment. We briefly outline these localized regions and discuss the impact of these findings on the immunotherapeutic applications of BoNT/A. Immunoresistance to toxin therapy can appear in some patients after a few injections with the toxin. Our epitope mapping studies have shown that several factors can influence the immune response to the toxin. These factors include dose, duration of treatment, frequency of immunization, and quality of the toxin. The immune response to the whole toxin is under genetic control, and the response to each epitope is under separate genetic control. Therefore, the appearance of blocking Abs (i.e., immunoresistance) in patients might be controlled by the major histocompatability of the host. Once a patient becomes immunoresistant to one toxin then switching to another toxin will most often be of limited and short-lived benefit, because the patient becomes rapidly immunoresistant to the second toxin. Finally, because of the considerable structural homology between tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) and BoNTs, it is possible, although not certain, that a prior active immune response to TeNT might play some role in the early appearance on anti-BoNT Abs in some patients.

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Section: Clinical Applications Of Botulinum Neurotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic immunological aspects of botulinum toxin therapy

Atassi

2004

Mov Disord.

103

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“…10,11 Normal anatomical variances, including facial dimples and the hyoid/mental relationship, are noted during the initial evaluation. 12 From the perspective of the facial plastic surgeon, the importance of defining face type by palpation of the facial soft tissue cannot be overemphasized. Compliant faces will often manifest the effects of gravity at an earlier stage and create more soft tissue mobilization, thus requiring careful hairline planning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Plane Facelifting for Facial Rejuvenation

Gordon

Adam

2014

Facial plast Surg

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The purpose of this article is to provide the facial plastic surgeon with anatomical and embryologic evidence to support the use of the deep plane technique for optimal treatment of facial aging. A detailed description of the procedure is provided to allow safe and consistent performance. Insights into anatomical landmarks, technical nuances, and alternative approaches for facial variations are presented. The following points will be further elucidated in the article. The platysma muscle/submuscular aponeurotic system/galea are the continuous superficial cervical fascia encompassing the majority of facial fat, and this superficial soft tissue envelope is poorly anchored to the face. The deep cervical fascia binds the structural aspects of the face and covers the facial nerve and buccal fat pad. Facial aging is mainly due to gravity's long-term effects on the superficial soft tissue envelope, with more subtle effects on the deeper structural compartments. The deep plane is the embryologic cleavage plane between these fascial layers, and is the logical place for facial dissection. The deep plane allows access to the buccal fat pad for treatment of jowling. Soft tissue mobilization is maximized in deep plane dissections and requires careful hairline planning. Flap advancement creates tension only at the fascia level allowing natural, tension-free skin closure, and long-lasting outcomes. The deep plane advancement flap is well vascularized and resistant to complications.

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“…In addition to the treatment of glabellar frown lines [40], other benefits have also been reported for other skin-aging symptoms including frown lines [41] and treatment of the neck area for sagging skin [42]. In addition, there are potential side issues such as relaxation of neighboring tissue, including eyelids, as well as loss of sensation.…”

Section: Dermal Fillers and Botox Cosmeticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wrinkles: Cosmetics, Drugs, and Energy-Based Systems

Oblong

2009

Cosmetics Applications of Laser &Amp; Light-Based Systems

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Management of Aging Neck

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Basic immunological aspects of botulinum toxin therapy

Basic immunological aspects of botulinum toxin therapy

Deep Plane Facelifting for Facial Rejuvenation

Wrinkles: Cosmetics, Drugs, and Energy-Based Systems

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