Management for Different Glioma Subtypes: Are All Low-Grade Gliomas Created Equal?

Tom, Martin C.; Cahill, Daniel P.; Buckner, Jan C.; Dietrich, Jörg; Parsons, Michael; Yu, Jennifer

doi:10.1200/edbk_238353

Cited by 78 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…Depending on the speed and extent of tumor growth, histological features and tumor invasiveness, gliomas have been graded by the World Health Organization (WHO) between Grades I and IV [ 125 , 126 ]. Low-grade gliomas (Grade II–III) include astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas [ 126 , 127 ], while the most common type of higher grade glioma is an astrocytoma known as glioblastoma (GBM) [ 124 ].…”

Section: Role Of Tumor-derived Evs In Gliomamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Glioma Microenvironment: Biogenesis and Clinical Relevance

Balakrishnan

Roy²,

Fleming

et al. 2020

Cancers

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Gliomas are a diverse group of brain tumors comprised of malignant cells (‘tumor’ cells) and non-malignant ‘normal’ cells, including neural (neurons, glia), inflammatory (microglia, macrophage) and vascular cells. Tumor heterogeneity arises in part because, within the glioma mass, both ‘tumor’ and ‘normal’ cells secrete factors that form a unique microenvironment to influence tumor progression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are critical mediators of intercellular communication between immediate cellular neighbors and distantly located cells in healthy tissues/organs and in tumors, including gliomas. EVs mediate cell–cell signaling as carriers of nucleic acid, lipid and protein cargo, and their content is unique to cell types and physiological states. EVs secreted by non-malignant neural cells have important physiological roles in the healthy brain, which can be altered or co-opted to promote tumor progression and metastasis, acting in combination with glioma-secreted EVs. The cell-type specificity of EV content means that ‘vesiculome’ data can potentially be used to trace the cell of origin. EVs may also serve as biomarkers to be exploited for disease diagnosis and to assess therapeutic progress. In this review, we discuss how EVs mediate intercellular communication in glioma, and their potential role as biomarkers and readouts of a therapeutic response.

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Section: Role Of Tumor-derived Evs In Gliomamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Glioma Microenvironment: Biogenesis and Clinical Relevance

Balakrishnan

Roy²,

Fleming

et al. 2020

Cancers

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“…The optimal use of targeted therapy in brain tumors remains under investigation, and its efficacy in lowgrade tumors, which would conceivably be slow growing, has been difficult to assess [72]. Although detection of these possible therapeutic targets is of great clinical interest, high quality clinical data remains limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FGFR- gene family alterations in low-grade neuroepithelial tumors

Bale

2020

acta neuropathol commun

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The discovery of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) gene family alterations as drivers of primary brain tumors has generated significant excitement, both as potential therapeutic targets as well as defining hallmarks of histologic entities. However, FGFR alterations among neuroepithelial lesions are not restricted to high or low grade, nor to adult vs. pediatric-type tumors. While it may be tempting to consider FGFR-altered tumors as a unified group, this underlying heterogeneity poses diagnostic and interpretive challenges. Therefore, understanding the underlying biology of tumors harboring specific FGFR alterations is critical. In this review, recent evidence for recurrent FGFR alterations in histologically and biologically low-grade neuroepithelial tumors (LGNTs) is examined (namely FGFR1 tyrosine kinase domain duplication in low grade glioma, FGFR1-TACC1 fusions in extraventricular neurocytoma [EVN], and FGFR2-CTNNA3 fusions in polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young [PLNTY]). Additionally, FGFR alterations with less well-defined prognostic implications are considered (FGFR3-TACC3 fusions, FGFR1 hotspot mutations). Finally, a framework for practical interpretation of FGFR alterations in low grade glial/glioneuronal tumors is proposed.

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“…However, due to the wide range of patients' survival within each grade, the evaluation results of the classic TNM classification are not entirely satisfactory. In recent years, with the in-depth research in molecular biology, scientists have found that IDH 1 and 2 mutations and 1p/19q codeletion play a more important role than TNM stage in the prognosis of glioma patients (1,2). In 2016, the WHO made a major change in the classification of gliomas, incorporating molecular characteristics into the classification (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic Value of an Autophagy-Related Five-Gene Signature for Lower-Grade Glioma Patients

Guo

Wei

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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Background: Molecular characteristics can be good indicators of tumor prognosis and have been introduced into the classification of gliomas. The prognosis of patients with newly classified lower-grade gliomas (LGGs, including grade 2 and grade 3 gliomas) is highly heterogeneous, and new molecular markers are urgently needed.Methods: Autophagy related genes (ATGs) were obtained from Human Autophagy Database (HADb). From the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), gene expression profiles including ATG expression information and patient clinical data were downloaded. Cox regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, Kaplan–Meier analysis, random survival forest algorithm (RSFVH) and stratification analysis were performed.Results: Through univariate Cox regression analysis, we found a total of 127 ATGs associated with the prognosis of LGG patients from TCGA dataset and a total of 131 survival-related ATGs from CGGA dataset. Using TCGA dataset as the training group (n = 524), we constructed a five-ATG signature (including BAG1, BID, MAP1LC3C, NRG3, PTK6), which could divide LGG patients into two risk groups with significantly different overall survival (Log Rank P < 0.001). Then we confirmed in the independent CGGA dataset that the five-ATG signature had the ability to predict prognosis (n = 431, Log Rank P < 0.001). We further discovered that the predictive ability of the five-ATG signature was better than the existing clinical indicators and IDH mutation status. In addition, the five-ATG signature could further classify patients after receiving radiotherapy or chemotherapy into groups with different prognosis.Conclusions: We identified a five-ATG signature that could be a reliable prognostic marker and might be therapeutic targets for autophagy therapy for LGG patients.

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Management for Different Glioma Subtypes: Are All Low-Grade Gliomas Created Equal?

Cited by 78 publications

References 146 publications

The Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Glioma Microenvironment: Biogenesis and Clinical Relevance

The Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Glioma Microenvironment: Biogenesis and Clinical Relevance

FGFR- gene family alterations in low-grade neuroepithelial tumors

Prognostic Value of an Autophagy-Related Five-Gene Signature for Lower-Grade Glioma Patients

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