Management and Yield Impact of the Greenhouse Whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) on California Strawberries

Abstract

<jats:p>Reductions in strawberry yields were observed in association with infestations of the greenhouse whitefly, <jats:italic>Trialeurodes vaporariorum</jats:italic> (Westwood). The magnitude of yield impact is estimated using data from a field experiment evaluating nine management approaches for the greenhouse whitefly on strawberries, var. Camarosa. A range of effectiveness and yields was found. Imidacloprid (Admire) applied at transplanting was found to provide the greatest effect on adult whitefly densities. Pyriproxyfen (Esteem) had no immediate effect on adult density but reduced nymphal densities over time. Pairing the use of these products at transplant (Admire) and early spring (Esteem) provided the greatest reduction in whitefly density observed relative to an untreated control. Reductions in strawberry yields were found to increase as whitefly densities grow or as populations persist over time. For example, the estimates from our analysis suggest that at 20 weeks after planting, an average whitefly population may reduce average weekly yields in an untreated field by ≈80 g/plant.</jats:p>

Residual efficacy of pyriproxyfen and hydroprene applied to wood, metal and concrete for control of stored‐product insects

“…During the past several years there have been a number of published studies documenting that pyriproxyfen will limit population growth of a variety of pest species from different agricultural systems, including, but not limited to, homopteran field crop pests,13–18 mosquitoes,19 ants20, 21 and cockroaches 22. Pyriproxyfen shows evidence of lethal effects on immature life stages, sublethal effects such as morphological deformities in adults that were exposed as larvae to the IGR and residual persistence.…”

Effect of several insecticides on pomegranate aphid, Aphis punicae (Passerini) (Homoptera: Aphididae) and its predators under field conditions

“…Malathion is an organophosphate insecticide which is widely used to control a broad range of insect pests such as aphids, whiteflies, thrips and lepidopterous pests, (Mishra, 2002;McKee et al, 2007;Kumar et al, 2010). The foliar application of malathion against pomegranate aphid, A. punicae, caused a significant reduction in the population at different DAT.…”

Population dynamics and the economics of invasive species management: The greenhouse whitefly in California-grown strawberries

“…It damages plants by feeding on nutrients in a plant's sap, which may result in yield loss (Byrne et al, 1990;McKee et al, 2007a). It was first observed on strawberry plants, which had not previously been reported as a host, at Oxnard and Watsonville, California, in the late 1990s.…”

“…The model constraints are the following: the weekly yield of the infested field cannot exceed that of a field that is not infested, g (Eq. (6)) (McKee et al, 2007a); at most, two pyriproxyfen applications can be made on the same unit of land per season (Eq. (7)); and the number of whitefly-days can never be negative (Eq.…”