Management and outcome of fractures of the distal phalanx: A retrospective study of 285 horses with a long term outcome in 223 cases

Adipose stem cell combined with plasma-based implant bone tissue differentiation in vitro and in a horse with a phalanx digitalis distalis fracture: a case report

“…In this case, bone regeneration could last longer than two months, and the regenerated tissue might gain insufficient mechanical properties. Also, prolonged healing time could bring about permanent lameness and hoof capsule deformation (Sala 2009;Vanderweerd et al 2009;Rijkenhuizen et al 2012) and the remaining gaps, before they overgrow with callus, could cripple the structure of the bone, resulting in renewed ruptures. Our therapy, a combined addition of AD-MSC/PPA, successfully filled out the pathologic spaces with bioactive components, resulting in the generation of a bone mass which healed the broken bone.…”

“…Standard treatment includes junction of the hoof bone with an orthopaedic screw, often with an application of special horseshoes, which amortise biomechanical overloads within the broken bone. Most fracture types have a positive prognosis; however, the healing course is prolonged and connected with a long convalescence period lasting up to eight months (Keegan et al 1993;Vanderweerd et al 2009;Rijkenhuizen et al 2012). Screw application is also connected with inflammatory processes, which prevents rapid regeneration.…”

Successful outcome of a Standardbred filly after conservative treatment for a Salter–Harris typeIIIfracture of the distal femoral condyle

“…; Rijkenhuizen et al . ). In one study, foals with a stable, minimally displaced, distal physeal femoral fracture were treated successfully by confining them, first to a box for 3–5 months and then to a larger area (unspecified) for an unspecified time (Hance et al .…”

Biaxial plantar process fractures of the distal phalanx in a horse

“…A previous study has shown that 97 per cent of cases treated by box rest alone had a successful outcome compared with 87 per cent treated with immobilisation of the hoof with a foot cast or shoe (Rijkenhuizen and others 2012). This is comparable with the findings of a smaller scale study whereby 81 per cent of horses returned to their former level of work following treatment of a palmar process fracture with hoof immobilisation (Robson and others 2008).…”

“…The duration of bar shoe placement is a topic of much debate. Bar shoes have been shown to cause contraction of the hoof and distortion of the heels, therefore removal at some time is desirable (Yovich 1989, O'Sullivan and others 1999, Rijkenhuizen and others 2012). Some authors believe that removal of the shoe may alter the forces on the fracture site and predispose the horses to re-fracture at the site of previous injury.…”