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In addition to genetic and demographic considerations, SSP coordinators have been asked to systematically address husbandry issues. Three approaches to the study of captive management issues are typically used: ( I ) large numbers of individuals are housed at a single institution maintained in a situation that facilitates systematic evaluation of the captive environment, ( 2 ) an investigator travels to many institutions to gather data on a single taxon, or (3) an investigator surveys existing information by assembling data from a large number of individuals at a variety of institutions. Each approach has both advantages and disadvantages in terms of feasibility and the type of results obtained. The use of surveys to obtain information about husbandry parameters from a large number of animals maintained at a variety of zoos is quite possibly the most common approach used among zoo managers. Zoo husbandry surveys are typically developed to address issues problematic to a particular species, including reproductive failure and health issues. Unfortunately, surveys appear to be an often misused research tool among zoo professionals. Surveys can be improved by working with psychologists or sociologists at local universities, by narrowing the focus of the survey's purpose, and by carefully constructing each question. INTRODUCTIONGenetic and demographic analyses of captive animal populations provide a basis for developing long-term breeding goals. However, the essence of such a plan is the maintenance and propagation of the individuals within specific captive populations. Whereas initial efforts of American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) Species Survival Plans (SSPs) focused primarily on genetics and demographics, more recently these breeding programs have expanded to include systematic evaluation of the husReceived for publication November 29, 1993; revision accepted June 24, 1994 [Wemmer, Read, and Hutchins, 1993a,b]. SSP Coordinators have been encouraged to develop husbandry manuals for their species. The purpose of a husbandry manual is to delineate the basic components necessary for the maintenance and propagation of individuals within a population, to generate a scientific "recipe" for species management.Each species has its own unique set of requirements, so each captive population has a unique set of problems associated with it. The SSP Coordinator and Management Group assesses these problems and implements changes that will optimize captive conditions. The ultimate goal of an SSP is the maintenance of a self-sustaining captive population. An SSP masterplan provides individual-by-individual breeding recommendations based on genetic and demographic factors. However, practical day-to-day management of individuals, social requirements of the animals, and nutritional, behavioral, medical, and environmental requirements may preclude pairing individuals based solely on genetic and demographic considerations. In short, husbandry requirements of individuals may constrain implementation of the genetic and demograph...
In addition to genetic and demographic considerations, SSP coordinators have been asked to systematically address husbandry issues. Three approaches to the study of captive management issues are typically used: ( I ) large numbers of individuals are housed at a single institution maintained in a situation that facilitates systematic evaluation of the captive environment, ( 2 ) an investigator travels to many institutions to gather data on a single taxon, or (3) an investigator surveys existing information by assembling data from a large number of individuals at a variety of institutions. Each approach has both advantages and disadvantages in terms of feasibility and the type of results obtained. The use of surveys to obtain information about husbandry parameters from a large number of animals maintained at a variety of zoos is quite possibly the most common approach used among zoo managers. Zoo husbandry surveys are typically developed to address issues problematic to a particular species, including reproductive failure and health issues. Unfortunately, surveys appear to be an often misused research tool among zoo professionals. Surveys can be improved by working with psychologists or sociologists at local universities, by narrowing the focus of the survey's purpose, and by carefully constructing each question. INTRODUCTIONGenetic and demographic analyses of captive animal populations provide a basis for developing long-term breeding goals. However, the essence of such a plan is the maintenance and propagation of the individuals within specific captive populations. Whereas initial efforts of American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) Species Survival Plans (SSPs) focused primarily on genetics and demographics, more recently these breeding programs have expanded to include systematic evaluation of the husReceived for publication November 29, 1993; revision accepted June 24, 1994 [Wemmer, Read, and Hutchins, 1993a,b]. SSP Coordinators have been encouraged to develop husbandry manuals for their species. The purpose of a husbandry manual is to delineate the basic components necessary for the maintenance and propagation of individuals within a population, to generate a scientific "recipe" for species management.Each species has its own unique set of requirements, so each captive population has a unique set of problems associated with it. The SSP Coordinator and Management Group assesses these problems and implements changes that will optimize captive conditions. The ultimate goal of an SSP is the maintenance of a self-sustaining captive population. An SSP masterplan provides individual-by-individual breeding recommendations based on genetic and demographic factors. However, practical day-to-day management of individuals, social requirements of the animals, and nutritional, behavioral, medical, and environmental requirements may preclude pairing individuals based solely on genetic and demographic considerations. In short, husbandry requirements of individuals may constrain implementation of the genetic and demograph...
Zoos focus on welfare, conservation, education, and research related to animals they keep. Academic institutions emphasize description, experimentation, modeling, and teaching of general and specific animal biology and behavior through work in both laboratory and field. The considerable overlap in concerns and methods has increased interest in collaborative projects, but there is ample room for closer and more extensive interactions. The purpose of this article is to increase awareness of potential research collaborations in three areas: (1) control and analysis of behavior, (2) conservation and propagation of species, and (3) education of students and the general public. In each area, we outline (a) research in zoos, (b) research in academics, and (c) potential collaborative efforts. Zoo Biol 27:470-487, 2008. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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