Managed retreats by whom and how? Identifying and delineating governance modalities

Hanna, Christina; White, Iain; Glavovic, Bruce

doi:10.1016/j.crm.2021.100278

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Finally, we would like to recall that the situation at German coasts is by no means unique. Subsequently, "managed retreat" is discussed in many places (van Staveren and van Tatenhove, 2016; Dachary-Bernard et al, 2019;Anderson et al, 2020;Dundon and Abkowitz, 2021;Hanna et al, 2021;Siders and Ajibade, 2021). It is vital to develop a culture that treats removal policies as managed, coordinated, and anticipated.…”

Section: Regional Patterns An Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adaptation to impacts of global change will involve retreat in various forms (Hanna et al, 2021;Siders and Ajibade, 2021). The notion of "managed retreat" is more than a managerial or technical task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even under optimistic climate change mitigation scenarios, the global mean sea-level will continue to rise for several 100 years. Hence, a reasonable societal goal should be to retreat, when needed repeatedly, from the shoreline in an anticipated and coordinated manner before disasters strike (Hanna et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phronesis at the Human-Earth Nexus: Managed Retreat

Böhle

Marone

2022

Front. Polit. Sci.

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This study explores how experiences from the current pandemic can inform societal responses to future climate change. To that end, an established philosophical concept of geoscientific insights (geoethics) is utilized to advice on governance under systemic uncertainty that, in turn, is a critical feature of complex-adaptive dynamics. Illustrative examples are the Covid-19 health pandemic and the impact of the global sea-level rise to threatening heights in the early 22nd Century. The term “geoethics” labels an emergent geo-philosophical school of thought rooted in geoscience expertise. When combined with contemporary political philosophies, geoethics leads to a geo-philosophical framework that can support adaptation to complex-adaptive dynamics by favoring multi-agent and context-depending processes (e.g., learning-by-doing). The proposed geo-philosophical framework merges geoethics with the political philosophies of H. Jonas (1903–1993), L. Kohlberg (1927–1987), and M. Bunge (1919–2020). These contemporary philosophies emphasize as relevant for achieving a modern caretaking society, respectively, “the hierarchy of societal coordination processes,” “the intergenerational responsibility of agents of change,” and “the balancing of individual wellbeing (happiness) and duties.” When these philosophies are combined with geoethics, a logical approach can be derived for policy design and decision-making. It emphasizes the “autonomy” (of the human agent) combined with a civic culture that favors “trustworthiness,” “scientific culture.” and a “culture of inclusive justice.” We argue that governance of adaptation to complex-adaptive dynamics (e.g., climate change impact) can be informed by the geo- and society-centric perspectives of the proposed geo-philosophical framework. It can address “Human Earth Nexus” governance issues using the knowledge of both natural and social sciences and applying the lens of geoethical thinking.

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Section: Regional Patterns An Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phronesis at the Human-Earth Nexus: Managed Retreat

Böhle

Marone

2022

Front. Polit. Sci.

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“…For example, in New Zealand, a country largely focused on anticipatory climate adaptation, a large proportion of the land use planning mechanisms make provision for managed or planned retreat [42]. While managed retreat in New Zealand still remains difficult to implement, notwithstanding the legislative and institutional support for it [20,21], there is still much to learn.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managed retreat and planned retreat: a systematic literature review

O’Donnell

2022

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Vulnerable locations, such as coastlines, are at a high risk of loss and damage. Such places will suffer deleterious impacts as climate change impacts are increasingly realized. As societies try to adapt to these impacts, managed or planned retreat—aimed at moving people and assets away from vulnerable locations—is gaining increased attention. Despite this increased attention, systematic literature reviews of the retreat literature remain scarce. This paper undertakes such review and uncovers a marked increase in retreat scholarly research papers in the past 5 years. An analysis of 135 managed and planned retreat journal articles is completed. Findings include a strong emphasis on regional or local case studies exploring governance, policy or institutional settings and levers across a range of geographies. Property rights and market interventions, such as compensation schemes, evidence the prevalence of neoliberal predilections. This emphasizes the importance of renewed engagement with political economy scholarship vis-à-vis climate change adaptation, also supported by the sharp increase in the evidenced social and environmental justice impacts. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nurturing resilient marine ecosystems’.

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“…It is likely to be less costly than protection strategies that involve maintenance of hard infrastructure or eventual dismantling of eroded property (Albel et al, 2011;Koslov,2016). In many cases, it may be the most effective and sustainable strategy to reduce exposure to place-based harm, with added potential for long-term environmental and socio-economic co-benefits (Hanna et al,2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essays on Disaster Risk Management and Policy in New Zealand

Hoang¹

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New Zealand has experienced several strong earthquakes in its history. While an earthquake cannot be prevented from occurring, planning can reduce its consequences when it does occur. This dissertation research examines various aspects of disaster risk management policy in Aotearoa New Zealand. Chapter 2 develops a method to rank and prioritise high-rise buildings for seismic retrofitting in Wellington, the earthquake-prone capital city of New Zealand. These buildings pose risks to Wellington’s long-term seismic resilience that are of clear concern to current and future policymakers. The prioritization strategy we propose, based on multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods, considers a variety of data on each building, including not only its structural characteristics, but also its location, its economic value to the city, and its social importance to the community around it. The study demonstrates how different measures, within four general criteria – life safety, geo-spatial location of the building, its economic role, and its socio-cultural role – can be operationalized into a viable framework for determining retrofitting/demolition policy priorities. Chapter 3 and chapter 4 analyse the Residential Red Zone (RRR) program that was implemented in Christchurch after the 2011 earthquake. In the program, approximately 8,000 homeowners were told that their homes were no longer permittable, and they were bought by the government (through the Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Authority). Chapter 3 examines the subjective wellbeing of the RRR residents (around 16000 people) after they were forced to move. We consider three indicators of subjective wellbeing: quality of life, stress, and emotional wellbeing. We found that demographic factors, health conditions, and the type of government compensation the residents accepted, were all significant determinants of the wellbeing of the Red Zone residents. More social relations, better financial circumstances, and the perception of better government communication were also all associated positively with a higher quality of life, less stress, and higher emotional wellbeing. Chapter 4 concentrates on the impact of this managed retreat program on RRR residents’ income. We use individual-level comprehensive, administrative, panel data from Canterbury, and difference in difference evaluation method to explore the effects of displacement on Red Zone residential residents. We found that compared to non-relocated neighbours, the displaced people experience a significant initial decrease in their wages and salaries, and their total income. The impacts vary with time spent in the Red Zone and when they moved away. Wages and salaries of those who were red-zoned and moved in 2011 were reduced by 8%, and 5.4% for those who moved in 2012. Females faced greater decreases in wages and salaries, and total income, than males. There were no discernible impacts of the relocation on people’s self-employment income.

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Managed retreats by whom and how? Identifying and delineating governance modalities

Cited by 21 publications

References 66 publications

Phronesis at the Human-Earth Nexus: Managed Retreat

Phronesis at the Human-Earth Nexus: Managed Retreat

Managed retreat and planned retreat: a systematic literature review

Essays on Disaster Risk Management and Policy in New Zealand

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