Managed Relocation: Integrating the Scientific, Regulatory, and Ethical Challenges

Schwartz, Mark W.; Hellmann, Jessica J.; McLachlan, Jason M.; Sax, Dov F.; Borevitz, Justin O.; Brennan, Jean; Camacho, Alejandro E.; Ceballos, Gerardo; Clark, Jamie Rappaport; Doremus, Holly; Early, Regan; Etterson, Julie R.; Fielder, Dwight; Gill, Jacquelyn L.; González, Patrick; Green, Nancy; Lee, Hannah; Jamieson, Dale; Javeline, Debra; Minteer, Ben A.; Odenbaugh, Jay; Polasky, Stephen; Richardson, David M.; Root, Terry L.; Safford, Hugh D.; Sala, Osvaldo E.; Schneider, Stephen H.; Thompson, Andrew R.; Williams, John W.; Vellend, Mark; Vitt, Pati; Zellmer, Sandra B.

doi:10.1525/bio.2012.62.8.6

Cited by 210 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…1a-e), assisted migration is a strategy to help them reach more climatically suitable areas (Hoegh-Guldberg et al 2008;Thomas 2011;Schwartz et al 2012;Aitken and Whitlock 2013;Williams and Dumroese 2013). The term 'assisted migration' encompasses both movements within current species ranges-assisted gene flow-as well as assisted colonisation of areas outside of current rangestranslocations (Aitken and Whitlock 2013).…”

Section: Assisted Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An extension of assisted migration is to translocate species into novel habitats identified as suitable via modelling approaches (Hoegh-Guldberg et al 2008;Schwartz et al 2012;Williams and Dumroese 2013). This approach could prove particularly valuable in preserving narrowrange endemic species experiencing very rapid climate change and are unable to adapt or migrate quickly enough (Thomas 2011 ; Fig.…”

Section: Assisted Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1a). Clearly, the movement of species outside their current range is not without risk, and may present an invasive problem (Thomas 2011;Schwartz et al 2012), but translocations generally only occur for the most endangered species which are under threat in their current location and so any successfully established populations would be deemed a success.…”

Section: Assisted Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Constraints to and conservation implications for climate change adaptation in plants

2015

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Contemporary climate change is having widespread impacts on plant populations. Understanding how plants respond to this change is essential to our efforts to conserve them. The key climate responses of plant populations can be categorised into one of three types: migration, in situ adaptation, or extirpation. If populations are to avoid extirpation then migration and/or in situ adaptation is essential. In this review we first articulate the current and future constraints of plant populations, but trees in particular, to the different adaptation strategies (e.g. space availability, rate of change, habitat fragmentation, niche availability). Secondly, we assess the use of the most appropriate methods (e.g. natural environmental gradients, genome and transcriptome scans) for assessing and understanding adaptive responses and the capacity to adapt to future challenges. Thirdly, we discuss the best conservation approaches (e.g. assisted migration, biodiversity corridors, ex situ strategies) to help overcome adaptive constraints in plants. Our synthesis of plant, and particularly tree, responses and constraints to climate change adaptation, combined with the identification of conservation strategies designed to overcome constraints, will help deliver effective management actions to assist adaptation in the face of current and future climate change.

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Section: Assisted Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assisted Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assisted Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Constraints to and conservation implications for climate change adaptation in plants

2015

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“…The Forestry Chronicle, 87(6), 724-730.Winder, Nelson, & Beardmore, 2011). However, the implementation of assisted migration does not come without economic, political, ecological, and ethical issues (Schwartz et al, 2012).…”

Section: The Role Of Managed Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Technical and biological issues are central to managed relocation; however, ethical, legal, and social components pose equally challenging questions about the appropriate use and social feasibility of managed migration (Schwartz et al, 2012). Furthermore, a necessary first step towards the development and widespread success of assisted migration practices is the inclusion of biological considerations in tandem with both social and economic concerns, for which different stakeholders have their own multi-dimensional and complex objectives, metrics and definitions.…”

Section: The Role Of Managed Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managed Migration of Coast Redwoods: Subjectivity of Stakeholders in Oregon’s Land Use Planning Community

Jenkins¹,

Jenkins²

2017

ENRR

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The Earth's climate is changing at a faster pace than the slow natural adjustment rates of most species to their rapidly shifting habitat conditions, especially for long-lived tree species, such as the iconic coast redwood Sequoia sempersqvirens. This may leave some species stranded in less than optimal environments, resulting in population extinctions and/or the need for human-assisted migration. However, the implementation of assisted migration does not come without economic, legal, political, ecological, and ethical issues. One of the most important and complex social questions regarding assisted migration is that of the land use planning community in the area being considered. This article explores the subjective beliefs among these stakeholders regarding managed migration of coast redwood trees into suitable habitats in Oregon. Q-methodology was used to structure the complexity of participants' subjective beliefs into a few manageable themes to reveal broader socio-economic and environmental perspectives and shared ways of perceiving and valuing the relationship between social, economic, and environmental concerns. The findings of this study suggest two main factors 1) positively ranked values that align on new perspectives of utilitarian ecological values, and 2) positively ranked values that align on a land based communitarian perspective. This convergence suggests an ecologically aware land management ethos as opposed to the view of favoring human's dominion over nature, and therefore bolsters the potential for the future success of managed migration of coast redwoods into suitable habitats in Oregon given the state's existing land use policy.

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Co‐development of a risk assessment strategy for managed relocation

Karasov-Olson

Schwartz

Skikne

et al. 2021

Ecol Sol and Evidence

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Resource managers face mounting challenges when it comes to the implementation of climate change adaptation strategies. Novel adaptation strategies, such as managed relocation, frequently entail embracing substantial risk of unintended harm to the focal ecosystems, in an effort to alleviate serious threats to biological diversity (e.g. extinction). Assessing ecological risks associated with different adaptation strategies is consistently called for, but the process for doing so is often undefined. Here, we describe a collaboration amongst university researchers, agency scientists and resource managers to create a set of ecological risk assessment protocols for managed relocation decision support. These protocols are designed to foster a rigorous assessment of ecological risk, while simultaneously being flexible and easy to use. We describe a collaborative process through which we developed a structure for assessing risk that includes a suite of 17 risk categories aggregated into six overarching groups, which is placed within a broader decision context for managed relocation (e.g. evaluating feasibility, social acceptability). Our risk scoring includes both scaled estimates of risk and perceived confidence in those estimates. Because of differences in the importance of risk categories, we do not recommend a quantitative summary across risk areas, but suggest decision makers make decisions based on three criteria: overall confidence that a proposed action can be confidently evaluated; low overall level or risk across categories; and no single risk category that is highly likely to result in severe adverse outcomes.

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Managed Relocation: Integrating the Scientific, Regulatory, and Ethical Challenges

Cited by 210 publications

References 53 publications

Constraints to and conservation implications for climate change adaptation in plants

Constraints to and conservation implications for climate change adaptation in plants

Managed Migration of Coast Redwoods: Subjectivity of Stakeholders in Oregon’s Land Use Planning Community

Co‐development of a risk assessment strategy for managed relocation

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