Managed Coastal Retreat: A Legal Handbook on Shifting Development Away from Vulnerable Areas

Siders, A.R.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2349461

Cited by 29 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Unlike in the United States, which has market-driven coastal land-planning policies, the cultural preference in France is for territorial projects with a holistic approach, designed with and by the public authorities. This benefits the implementation of MR (Siders 2013;Mineo-Kleiner & Meur-Ferec 2016), supported by the positive outcomes of ecological restoration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Managed retreat of settlements and infrastructures: ecological restoration as an opportunity to overcome maladaptive coastal development in France

Fouqueray

Trommetter

Frascaria‐Lacoste

2018

Restoration Ecology

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The effects of climate change on coastal risk factors are increasing due to both rising sea levels and increasingly intense coastal floodings. However, these changes are only just beginning to be incorporated into planning strategies for coastal economies and land use in France. Recent coastal storms marked the turning point, and public authorities have now started to revise coastal management legislation, stating that the managed retreat of settlements and infrastructure is the preferred strategy to adapt to climate change. To date, this managed retreat has almost exclusively been discussed in relation to the current political, social, and economic obstacles that make it difficult to relocate equipment and houses inland. Here, we add to this discussion by depicting how the careful ecological restoration of dunes and salt marshes on land made available by managed retreat could overcome some of these obstacles. First, we describe three possible strategies to adapt to sea‐level rise as well as the maladaptation of the current strategy. Then, we focus on the limitations and advantages of ecological restoration in terms of managed retreat and vice versa. Finally, we depict how a new kind of land lease, introduced in draft legislation, can help tackle the multitemporal and multispatial issues that currently hinder managed retreat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Managed retreat of settlements and infrastructures: ecological restoration as an opportunity to overcome maladaptive coastal development in France

Fouqueray

Trommetter

Frascaria‐Lacoste

2018

Restoration Ecology

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“…Government programs have relocated populations out of at-risk areas, moved roads and other infrastructure, imposed setback requirements, banned return to disasterprone areas, or condemned and demolished buildings considered too risky (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Even in areas experiencing overall growth, some people are retreating (such as in Manila, Nairobi, and New York City) (2)(3)(4)(7)(8)(9)(10). Whether driven by disasters, market forces, or government intervention, people will continue to move from hazardous places as climate risks escalate.…”

Section: Ad Hoc Status Quomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are not radical alterations to adaptation practice-adaptation planning often starts with identifying the goals people have, and context-specific implementation has long been a central tenet of adaptation-but they have been underapplied to retreat. Retreat is hard to do and even harder to do well, for many reasons: short-term economic gains of coastal development; subsidized insurance rates and disaster recovery costs; misaligned incentives between residents, local officials, and national governments; imperfect risk perceptions; place attachment; and preference for the status quo (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). A reconceptualization could make strategic, managed retreat an efficient and equitable adaptation option.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The case for strategic and managed climate retreat

Siders

Hino

Mach

2019

Science

130

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F aced with global warming, rising sea levels, and the climate-related extremes they intensify, the question is no longer whether some communities will retreat-moving people and assets out of harm's way-but why, where, when, and how they will retreat. To the extent that retreat is already happening, it is typically ad hoc and focused on risk reduction in isolation from broader societal goals. It is also frequently inequitable and often ignores the communities left behind or those receiving people who retreat. Retreat has been seen largely as a last resort, a failure to adapt, or a one-time emergency action; thus, little research has focused on retreat, leaving practitioners with little guidance. Such a narrow conception of retreat has limited decision-makers' perception of the tools available and stilted innovation. We propose a reconceptualization of retreat as a suite of adaptation options that are both strategic and managed. Strategy integrates retreat into long-term development goals and identifies why retreat should occur and, in doing so, influences where and when. Management addresses how retreat is executed. By reconceptualizing retreat as a set of tools used to achieve societal goals, communities and nations gain additional adaptation options and a better chance of choosing the actions most likely to help their communities thrive.We argue for strategy that incorporates socioeconomic development and for management that is innovative, evidence-based, and context-specific. These are not radical alterations to adaptation practice-adaptation planning often starts with identifying the goals people have, and context-specific implementation has long been a central tenet of adaptation-but they have been underapplied to retreat. Retreat is hard to do and even harder to do well, for many reasons: short-term economic gains of coastal development; subsidized insurance rates and disaster recovery costs; misaligned incentives between residents, local officials, and national governments; imperfect risk perceptions; place attachment; and preference for the status quo (1-6). A reconceptualization could make strategic, managed retreat an efficient and equitable adaptation option.

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“…In Alabama, USA, hurricanes have destroyed dwellings and infrastructure on Dauphin Island 10 times in the past 40 years, most recently in 2005 by Hurricane Katrina. Since 1979, Dauphin Island has received $80 million (USD) in federal funding (> $60,000 per resident), plus an additional $72 million in federal flood insurance payouts to rebuild the community (Siders 2013). Dauphin Island residents paid $9.3 million in insurance premiums to offset these costs (Siders 2013).…”

Section: Governance Institutions To Protect In Placementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acquisition programs are voluntary, and government decisions that affect property rights have legal implications. Property owners can use the law to support their desire to remain protected in place and prevent the government from implementing land-use and building restrictions (Siders 2013). As a consequence, these legal standards can delay the ability of government actors to move people proactively from vulnerable coastal and riverine areas.…”

Section: Governance Institutions To Protect In Placementioning

confidence: 99%

Climate-induced community relocations: using integrated social-ecological assessments to foster adaptation and resilience

Bronen¹

2015

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Extreme weather events coupled with sea level rise and erosion will cause coastal and riverine areas where people live and maintain livelihoods to disappear permanently. Adaptation to these environmental changes, including the permanent relocation of millions of people, requires new governance tools. In the USA, local governments, often with state-level and national-level support, will be primarily responsible for protecting residents from climate-change impacts and implementing policies needed to protect their welfare. Government agencies have a variety of tools to facilitate protection in place and managed coastal retreat but have very limited tools to facilitate community relocation. In addition, no institutional mechanism currently exists to determine whether and when preventive relocation needs to occur to protect people from climate change impacts. Based on research involving four Alaska Native communities threatened by climate-induced environmental impacts, I propose the design and implementation of an adaptive governance framework to respond to the need to relocate populations. In this context, adaptive governance means the ability of institutions to dynamically respond to climate change impacts. A component of this adaptive governance framework is a social-ecological monitoring and assessment tool that can facilitate collaborative knowledge production by community residents and governance institutions to guide sustainable adaptation strategies and determine whether and when relocation needs to occur. The framework, including the monitoring and assessment tool, has not been systematically tested. However, the potential use of this tool is discussed by drawing on empirical examples of Alaskan communities faced with accelerating rates of erosion.

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Managed Coastal Retreat: A Legal Handbook on Shifting Development Away from Vulnerable Areas

Cited by 29 publications

References 1 publication

Managed retreat of settlements and infrastructures: ecological restoration as an opportunity to overcome maladaptive coastal development in France

Managed retreat of settlements and infrastructures: ecological restoration as an opportunity to overcome maladaptive coastal development in France

The case for strategic and managed climate retreat

Climate-induced community relocations: using integrated social-ecological assessments to foster adaptation and resilience

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