Man-Computer Symbiosis

Licklider, J. C. R.

doi:10.1109/thfe2.1960.4503259

Cited by 1,203 publications

(464 citation statements)

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“…Human-machine symbiosis can describe the relationship between machine and person that occurs within a shared space or task [10]. A recent review defined human-machine symbiosis in terms of a computer that was capable of both monitoring and affecting the cognitions, emotions and behaviours of the user [11].…”

Section: A Closed-loop Perspective On Human-machine Symbiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Closed-Loop Perspective on Symbiotic Human-Computer Interaction

Fairclough

2015

Symbiotic Interaction

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This paper is concerned with how people interact with an emergent form of technology that is capable of both monitoring and affecting the psychology and behaviour of the user. The current relationship between people and computer is characterised as asymmetrical and static. The closed-loop dynamic of physiological computing systems is used as an example of a symmetrical and symbiotic HCI, where the central nervous system of the user and an adaptive software controller are engaged in constant dialogue. This emergent technology offers several benefits such as: intelligent adaptation, a capacity to learn and an ability to personalise software to the individual. This paper argues that such benefits can only be obtained at the cost of a strategic reconfiguration of the relationship between people and technology -specifically users must cede a degree of control over their interaction with technology in order to create an interaction that is active, dynamic and capable of responding in a stochastic fashion. The capacity of the system to successfully translate human goals and values into adaptive responses that are appropriate and effective at the interface represents a particular challenge. It is concluded that technology can develop lifelike qualities (e.g. complexity, sentience, freedom) through sustained and symbiotic interaction with human beings. However, there are a number of risks associated with this strategy as interaction with this category of technology can subvert skills, self-knowledge and the autonomy of human user.

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Section: A Closed-loop Perspective On Human-machine Symbiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Closed-Loop Perspective on Symbiotic Human-Computer Interaction

Fairclough

2015

Symbiotic Interaction

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“…Earlier in the decade Licklider (1960) argued prophetically for the case of such symbiosis. He cited the main aims of such co-operation as (1) to let computers facilitate formulative thinking as they facilitated the solution of formulated problems, and (2) to enable men and computers to cooperate in making decisions and controlling complex situations without inflexible dependence on predetermined programs.…”

Section: From the Monologues Of Two Leading Scholarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbolic-numeric interface: A review

1979

Symbolic and Algebraic Computation

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“…Licklider [9], the reference to symbiotic human-machine interaction appeared again around 2013 in a European Union ICT workprogram stressing that concept 2 and has grown ever since, as is partly documented in the Symbiotic Interaction workshops and proceedings [2,5]. Surely, in the field of human-computer interaction as well as in philosophy and sociology of technology, the close connection between humans and machines has been emphasized several times: by the concepts of artifacts and embodied cognition, where the propriety of a technology depends on the users' needs and the users' ability depends in turn on the tools s/he is endowed with (e.g., [7]); by the notion of sociotechnical systems, where a technology inevitably includes some symbolic, politic elements as part of the package (e.g., [8]); by the idea of humans as hybrids or cyborgs, which finds real-life incarnations in medical prosthesis and augmentation devices (e.g., [1]).…”

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confidence: 99%

Towards a Definition of Symbiotic Relations Between Humans and Machines

Gamberini

Spagnolli

2017

Symbiotic Interaction

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Abstract. What are symbiotic systems? In this short paper, the workshop chairs describe the focus of this workshop and elaborate on the definition of symbiotic human-machine relation.Keywords: Symbiotic system · Human-computer interaction Symbiotic relationships are probably most known from biology. In a symbiotic relationship between animals and/or plants, some organism closely interacts with another type of organism to ensure its own survival, so that both end up sharing the same habitat [3]. This biological phenomenon, exemplifying a very tight kind of relationship, is used metaphorically 1 to characterize a growing part of the current human-machine relations, where machines collect users' data that are not even available to the human conscious cognition (e.g. brain signals, social data collected on the web), and then elaborate solutions and make decisions based on such data. Here machines are so interconnected to humans that the term interaction sounds like an understatement [13].After the pioneering discussion on men-computer [sic] symbiosis stimulated in the early 60 by J.C.R. Licklider [9], the reference to symbiotic human-machine interaction appeared again around 2013 in a European Union ICT workprogram stressing that concept 2 and has grown ever since, as is partly documented in the Symbiotic Interaction workshops and proceedings [2,5]. Surely, in the field of human-computer interaction as well as in philosophy and sociology of technology, the close connection between humans and machines has been emphasized several times: by the concepts of artifacts and embodied cognition, where the propriety of a technology depends on the users' needs and the users' ability depends in turn on the tools s/he is endowed with (e.g., [7]); by the notion of sociotechnical systems, where a technology inevitably includes some symbolic, politic elements as part of the package (e.g., [8]); by the idea of humans as hybrids or cyborgs, which finds real-life incarnations in medical prosthesis and augmentation devices (e.g., [1]). However, the term symbiotic emphasizes a noteworthy change 1 Of course, a metaphor is able to illuminate some aspects of a domain by similarity with some other domain [12], but not all aspects. Where the biological metaphor stops is in referring to two leaving organisms in partnership, since a symbiotic technology is not credited to share the same needs (and rights) as the human being to which it is joined. 2 http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/docs/ict-wp2013-10-7-2013-with-cover-issn.pdf.

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Man-Computer Symbiosis

Cited by 1,203 publications

References 15 publications

A Closed-Loop Perspective on Symbiotic Human-Computer Interaction

A Closed-Loop Perspective on Symbiotic Human-Computer Interaction

Symbolic-numeric interface: A review

Towards a Definition of Symbiotic Relations Between Humans and Machines

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