Mammography Utilization, Public Health Impact, and Cost- Effectiveness in the United States

White, E

doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.14.1.605

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The Pap test, which has been in widespread use for years, is a likely major contributor to the 70 percent decline in mortality due to cervical cancer in the United States over the past four decades (American Cancer Society 1996). With regard to breast cancer, evidence from clinical trials suggests that as much as a 40 percent decline in mortality can be achieved by mammographic screening (White, Urban, and Taylor 1993). Such a decline has not yet been realized in breast cancer mortality trends, but this fact is not surprising.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following evidence produced in a clinical trial conducted by the Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York in the 1960s (Shapiro, Strax, and Venet 1971), the use of mammography screening for the early detection of breast cancer has evolved rapidly (White, Urban, and Taylor 1993). In 1973, the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute launched the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project to show that breast cancer screening could be implemented on a large scale (Romans 1993).…”

Section: Mammographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After age 50, women should be screened with clinical breast examination and mammography annually (Dodd 1992). Clinical trials of mammography screening programs have demonstrated proven benefits for women aged 50 to 64, whereas inconclusive evidence for women aged 40 to 49 has left screening for this group controversial (White, Urban, and Taylor 1993). As with Pap tests, it has been clear for some time that the benefits of mammography have not been as thoroughly realized for women of low socioeconomic status.…”

Section: Mammographymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social Epidemiology and the Fundamental Cause Concept: On the Structuring of Effective Cancer Screens by Socioeconomic Status

et al. 1998

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Since the early 1800s, studies have consistently demonstrated that people higher in the socioeconomic hierarchy live longer than people of lower rank. One hypothesis for the persistence of this association is that people who are relatively better off are more able to avoid risks by adopting currently available protective strategies. In a partial test of this idea, the social distributions of two cancer screening tests--Pap smears and mammography--were examined. A review of the literature and an analysis of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data showed a consistent association between indicators of socioeconomic status and recent screening. These findings support the theory that societies create and shape patterns of disease. Innovations beneficial to health are carried out within the context of inequalities that shape the distribution of the health benefit, thereby affecting patterns of morality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mammographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mammographymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social Epidemiology and the Fundamental Cause Concept: On the Structuring of Effective Cancer Screens by Socioeconomic Status

et al. 1998

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“…4,5 It is well known that regular breast cancer screening increases early detection and significantly reduces breast cancer mortality. [6][7][8][9] Therefore, it is of concern that Hispanic women are less likely to report using breast cancer screening than women in the general US population. 10,11 In the present study, we examined whether Hispanic women had breast cancer characteristics that reflect delayed tumor detection (i.e., large tumor size and advanced stage of disease).…”

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confidence: 99%

Breast cancer size and stage in Hispanic American women, by birthplace: 1992-1995

Hedeen

White

2001

Am J Public Health

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A B S T R A C TObjectives. This study examined whether Hispanic women with breast cancer have tumor characteristics associated with delayed detection and whether these characteristics vary by birthplace.Methods. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program data were used in examining breast cancer size and stage by racial/ethnic group and birthplace.Results. Hispanic Americans are one of the fastest growing racial/ethnic groups in the country, constituting 9% of the total US population. [1][2][3] By the end of the decade, the Hispanic population is expected to be the largest ethnic group in the United States.1 Among Hispanic women, breast cancer is the most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer deaths. 4,5 It is well known that regular breast cancer screening increases early detection and significantly reduces breast cancer mortality.6-9 Therefore, it is of concern that Hispanic women are less likely to report using breast cancer screening than women in the general US population. 10,11 In the present study, we examined whether Hispanic women had breast cancer characteristics that reflect delayed tumor detection (i.e., large tumor size and advanced stage of disease). We further assessed whether these tumor characteristics varied by place of birth. Methods Study Subjects and Data CollectionStudy subjects were Hispanic women in 4 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program regions who had been diagnosed with in situ or invasive breast cancer at 40 years or older between 1992 and 1995. Non-Hispanic White women meeting the same criteria were the comparison group. The San Francisco/Oakland, San Jose/Monterey, Los Angeles, and New Mexico regions were included because these SEER registries have the largest Hispanic populations. 4 The regional SEER registries obtain case information primarily through record abstraction from hospitals and pathology laboratories.12 Additional data are obtained from death certificates. Information on race/ethnicity, obtained from hospital and death records, is comparable to US Bureau of the Census race/ ethnicity identifiers. When no ethnicity information is available, Hispanics are identified via the 1980 census Spanish surname list.Hispanic women were grouped in 2 birthplace categories (United States and LatinAmerica). In this study, Hispanic Americans born in LatinAmerica were considered first-generation Americans, and those born in the United States were considered later-generation Americans. Hispanic women with missing birthplace data and those born outside the United States or Latin America were not included in the analyses in which birthplace was an exposure variable. Statistical AnalysisWe examined 3 outcomes that reflect timeliness of breast cancer diagnosis (i.e., early diagnosis vs late diagnosis): tumor size categorized as 1 cm or smaller vs 1 cm or larger, tumor size categorized as 2 cm or smaller vs 2 cm or larger, and tumor stage at diagnosis classified as in situ/localized (early stage) vs regional/distant (advanced stage). Information on tu...

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“…"2 Furthermore, surveys have consistently reported that Latinas are less likely than Anglo women to have had mammography. [9][10][11][13][14][15][16] Reasons for lower mammography use by Latinas include limited knowledge about cancer-related risk factors and screening procedures;6'7'10'13 socioeconomic factors such as poverty, the financial inability to pay for out-of-pocket medical expenses, lack of health insurance, and inadequate access to health care;17"8 and physician-patient communications. '9 There are, therefore, serious gaps in Latinas' breast cancer-related knowledge and practices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Breast Cancer Control Among Latinas: Evaluation of a Theory-Based Educational Program

et al. 1998

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The study evaluated a theory-based breast cancer control program specially developed for less acculturated Latinas. The authors used a quasi-experimental design with random assignment of Latinas into experimental (n = 51) or control (n = 37) groups that completed one pretest and two posttest surveys. The experimental group received the educational program, which was based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory and Freire's empowerment pedagogy. Outcome measures included knowledge, perceived self-efficacy, attitudes, breast self-examination (BSE) skills, and mammogram use. At posttest 1, controlling for pretest scores, the experimental group was significantly more likely than the control group to have more medically recognized knowledge (sum of square [SS] = 17.0, F = 6.58, p < .01), have less medically recognized knowledge (SS = 128.8, F = 39.24, p < .001), greater sense of perceived self-efficacy (SS = 316.5, F = 9.63, p < .01), and greater adeptness in the conduct of BSE (SS = 234.8, F = 153.33,p < .001). Cancer control programs designed for less acculturated women should use informal and interactive educational methods that incorporate skill-enhancing and empowering techniques.

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Mammography Utilization, Public Health Impact, and Cost- Effectiveness in the United States

Cited by 8 publications

References 44 publications

Social Epidemiology and the Fundamental Cause Concept: On the Structuring of Effective Cancer Screens by Socioeconomic Status

Social Epidemiology and the Fundamental Cause Concept: On the Structuring of Effective Cancer Screens by Socioeconomic Status

Breast cancer size and stage in Hispanic American women, by birthplace: 1992-1995

Improving Breast Cancer Control Among Latinas: Evaluation of a Theory-Based Educational Program

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