Mammography screening beliefs and barriers through the lens of Black women during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Abstract

BackgroundMammography is an effective screening tool that leads to decreased breast cancer mortality, yet minority women continue to experience barriers. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has been proven to have negatively affected minority communities, yet its effect on mammography screening habits in Black women is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate breast cancer mammography screening habits and barriers for Black women in two northeast communities amid the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsThe study participants were Black women aged 40 years or older who were recruited from community outreach initiatives. Study coordinators conducted telephone surveys to determine mammography screening behaviors, perceptions, and psychosocial factors.ResultsTwo hundred seventy‐seven surveys were completed. Two hundred fifty‐six patients who reported ever having a mammogram became the study population of interest. One hundred seventy‐four of these patients (68%) reported having a mammogram within the past year (nondelayed), and 82 (32%) had a mammogram more than a year ago (delayed). Only thirty‐one of the delayed participants (37.8%) had private insurance. There was a significant difference in the mean score for mammography screening perceived barriers for nondelayed participants (mean = 9.9, standard deviation [SD] = 3.6) versus delayed participants (mean = 11.2, SD = 4.3, p = .03). There was also a significant difference in the mean score when they were asked, “How likely is it that ‘other health problems would keep you from having a mammogram’?” (p = .002).ConclusionsBarriers to mammography screening for Black women during the COVID‐19 era include insurance, competing health issues, and perceptions of screening. Community outreach efforts should concentrate on building trust and collaborating with organizations to improve screening despite the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Barriers and enablers of breast cancer screening among women in East Africa: a systematic review

“…Studies in East Africa have shown women to have lower autonomy on matters of their health [ 69 – 71 ]. Lack of home support and autonomy in health decisions has also been reported in studies done in Asia and among Asians, Hispanics and Blacks living in high income countries [ 72 – 76 ]. Women globally need to be supported and encouraged to participate in such screening activities that can have a profound impact on their livelihoods.…”

“…Another major component is that screening services are less accessible, especially in rural settings. Screening services are expensive and unavailable in most African countries, this is contrast to studies done in Asia, Europe and America where breast cancer screening services are more available though not readily accessible due to cost [ 1 , 15 , 72 – 79 ]. Decentralization of screening services tailored to EA rural areas will enhance the availability of screening services [ 84 ].…”