Mammograms and breast arterial calcifications: looking beyond breast cancer: a preliminary report

Akinola, RA; Ogbera, Anthonia O; Onakoya, Jaa; Enabulele, Chris E; Fadeyibi, IO

doi:10.1186/1756-0500-4-207

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In keeping with the findings of Bielak et al (34) , Zafar et al (35) , and Akinola et al (36) , we found no correlation between obesity and BAC in our study sample. It is also noteworthy that we found no correlation between smoking and BAC, which is in line with the findings of Almeida et al (37) and Iribarren et al (33) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Routine mammography: an opportunity for the diagnosis of chronic degenerative diseases? A cross-sectional study

et al. 2017

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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate breast arterial calcification (BAC) detected on routine mammography, analyzing its association with chronic degenerative disease.Materials and MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study involving women treated at a specialized outpatient clinic for high-risk hypertension, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease, as well as volunteers who participated in a study to validate a method of screening for occult renal disease. A total of 312 patients between 40 and 69 years of age, with no history of breast cancer, all of whom had undergone routine mammography in the last two years, were included. The mammograms were analyzed by researchers who were unaware of the risk factors for BAC in each case.ResultsThe mean age was 55.9 ± 7.4 years, and 64.3% of the patients were white. The mean glomerular filtration rate was 41.87 ± 6.23 mL/min/1.73 m2. Seventy-one patients (22.8%) had BAC. We found that BAC was associated with advanced age, hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and low glomerular filtration rate. In the multivariate analysis, advanced age and diabetes continued to be associated with BAC. The odds ratio for BAC was higher for all chronic diseases.ConclusionThe association of BAC with advanced age, hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and low glomerular filtration rate should call the attention of radiologists. Therefore, the presence of BAC should be reported, and patients with BAC should be screened for those diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Routine mammography: an opportunity for the diagnosis of chronic degenerative diseases? A cross-sectional study

et al. 2017

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“…Some studies show a significant association between BAC and hypertension, 19,32,33 whereas others show no such association. 4,24,34 Similarly, with diabetes mellitus, some studies show a statistically significant association, 6,19,35,36 whereas others show none. 4,24,37,38 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…4 Calcifications of mammary arteries frequently represent age-related degenerative changes; 5 their incidence increases with age, and they are uncommon in mammograms performed in women less than 50 years of age.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammographically Detectable Breast Arterial Calcification and Atherosclerosis

Shah

Chainani

Delafontaine

et al. 2014

Cardiology in Review

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Breast arterial calcification (BAC), observed as an incidental finding on screening mammograms, represents degenerative calcific changes occurring in the mammary arteries, with increasing age. The aim of this review is to discuss relevant literature examining relation between BAC and atherosclerosis. After a thorough literature search, in OVID and PubMed, 199 studies were identified, of which 25 were relevant to our review. Data were abstracted from each study and statistical analysis was done, including calculation of odds ratios and construction of forest plots. A total of 35,542 patients were enrolled across 25 studies looking at an association between BAC and coronary artery disease, cardiovascular disease, stroke, cerebral artery disease, carotid and peripheral artery diseases, and coronary artery calcification. A majority of the studies showed a statistically significant relation between BAC and presence of coronary artery disease cardiovascular disease and associated mortality. Sensitivity of BAC in predicting cardiovascular events was low, but specificity was high. BAC was predictive of incident and prevalent stroke but not mortality of stroke. Similarly, BAC was predictive of cerebral, carotid, and peripheral artery diseases. The role of BAC as a surrogate marker of coronary and systemic atherosclerosis is currently uncertain. Its role may be further elucidated by more large-scale prospective studies and clinical experience.

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“…In the literature so far, the prevalence of BAC on mammography has been reported at very different frequencies (21). The prevalence of BAC varies from 1% to 49% in previous studies (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28). Such a significant difference in prevalence may be explained by variations in sensitivity of mammography equipment and the heterogeneity of the study groups (16).…”

Section: A B a Bmentioning

confidence: 98%

Breast arterial calcifications as an indicator of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: comparative analysis of coronary computed tomography scoring systems and carotid intima-media thickness

Kadıoğlu¹,

Bahadir²

2022

Quant Imaging Med Surg

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Background: Breast arterial calcification (BAC) is easily detected and commonly observed on screening mammography. That is more frequent among people with diabetes, and these people are at risk of coronary artery disease. The incidence of BAC increases with advancing age. We aimed to determine whether BAC detected by mammography is associated with the development of coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic women. It can help reduce morbidity and mortality secondary to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Methods: We included one hundred and eighty women over the age of 40 who underwent mammography screening in this multi-modality study. Mammography evaluated the presence of calcifications, the number of involved arteries, and the distribution. We questioned the patients about cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes. The coronary artery disease severity was assessed according to both Agatston and calcium scores on coronary computed tomography (CT). Besides, the relationship between these scores and correlation with carotid artery intima-media thickness was investigated. We stated mean and standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables and reported frequency distributions and percentages. SPSS software version 25.0 was used to perform the analysis.Results: Overall, 302 of 3,600 cases were positive for BAC. However, 120 of them could be included in the study by the eligibility criteria of our research. In univariate analysis, age, hyperlipidemia, DM, HT, and smoking history were risk factors that significantly affected BAC development. The impact of age and diabetes were maintained in the logistic regression analysis (P<0.005), while the significant effect of the other variables was vanished (P>0.02). Furthermore, moderate and high BAC scores were correlated with higher coronary atherosclerosis scores.Conclusions: BAC may predict an additional risk factor for coronary artery disease, particularly in patients having higher scores. That may be an accurate indicator for subsequent development of coronary arterial calcifications so that it may be possible to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with coronary atherosclerosis.

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Mammograms and breast arterial calcifications: looking beyond breast cancer: a preliminary report

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Routine mammography: an opportunity for the diagnosis of chronic degenerative diseases? A cross-sectional study

Routine mammography: an opportunity for the diagnosis of chronic degenerative diseases? A cross-sectional study

Mammographically Detectable Breast Arterial Calcification and Atherosclerosis

Breast arterial calcifications as an indicator of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: comparative analysis of coronary computed tomography scoring systems and carotid intima-media thickness

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