Mammary Tumours in the Cat

Morris, Joanna S.

doi:10.1177/1098612x13483237

Cited by 46 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Mammary tumours (MTs) are among the most common neoplasms in both cats and dogs, but the prevalence of malignant histological types is far higher in cats (ratio of malignant: benign is at least 4:1). Feline MTs comprise approximately 11% of feline non-integumentary neoplasms, are more commonly malignant than benign, and carry a poor prognosis attributable to a high probability of local recurrence and metastasis [1,2]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Comparative value of clinical, cytological, and histopathological features in feline mammary gland tumors; an experimental model for the study of human breast cancer

et al. 2013

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BackgroundThe diagnosis of breast lesions is usually confirmed by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) or histological biopsy. Although there is increasing literature regarding the advantages and limitations of both modalities, there is no literature regarding the accuracy of these modalities for diagnosing breast lesions in high-risk patients, who usually have lesions detected by screening. Moreover, few studies have been published regarding the cytopathology of mammary tumors in cats despite widespread use of the animal model for breast cancer formation and inhibition. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic interest of cytological and histopathological analysis in feline mammary tumours (FMTs), in order to evaluate its possible value as an animal model.MethodsThe study was performed in 3 female cats submitted to surgical resections of mammary tumours. The mammary tumours were excised by simple mastectomy or regional mastectomy, with or without the superficial inguinal lymph nodes. Female cats were of different breeds (1 siamese and 2 persians). Before surgical excision of the tumour, FNA cytology was performed using a 0.4 mm diameter needle attached to a 8 ml syringe held in a standard metal syringe holder. The cytological sample was smeared onto a glass slide and either air-dried for May-Grünwald-stain and masses were surgically removed, the tumours were grossly examined and tissue samples were fixed in 10%-buffered-formalin and embedded in paraffin. Sections 4 μm thick were obtained from each sample and H&E stained.ResultsCytologically, atypical epithelial cells coupled to giant nucleus, chromatin anomalies, mitotic figures, spindle shape cells, anisocytosis with anisokaryosis and hyperchromasia were found. Histologically, these tumors are characterized by pleomorphic and polygonal cell population together with mitotic figures, necrotic foci and various numbers inflammatory foci. Also, spindle shaped cells, haemorrhage localized in the different regions, local invasiveness and enlarged nuclei were observed. The samples included 3 tumors of mammary glands mammary tumors were complex carcinomas (n = 2) and adenocarcinoma (n = 1). The histological grades of the 3 cases were as follows: grade II, (1/3); grade III, (2/3) with high mitotic index. The preferential localization of mammary neoplasms was in the inguinal lobe (1/3 case) and abdominal lobes (2/3 cases). Furthermore, 1case of the inguinal mass affected the left caudo-inguinal lobe and 2cases right cranio and caudo abdominal lobes.ConclusionThe study concluded that cytology could be used as a quick, rapid, field diagnostic technique in combination with histopathology for the diagnosis of feline mammary tumors (FMTs). Our findings in feline MTs indicate that FMTs could be useful as an animal model of human breast cancer. Moreover, because of the similarity of the cytohistopathological findings in the human and feline mammary gland tumours, it is possible to use the same cytopathological criteria applied in human pathology for th...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Comparative value of clinical, cytological, and histopathological features in feline mammary gland tumors; an experimental model for the study of human breast cancer

et al. 2013

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“…FMCs are generally malignant hormone-independent adenocarcinomas, animals affected have a reduced survival due to early metastatic spreading 1 . The median OS in untreated cats after tumour detection varies from four months to three years depending on tumour size and clinical staging [2][3][4][5][6] . Thus, early diagnosis, prognostication, and appropriate treatment selection are of major importance.…”

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of Copy-Number Variations and Feline Mammary Carcinoma Survival

Granados-Soler

Bornemann-Kolatzki²,

Beck³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Feline mammary carcinomas (FMCs) are highly malignant. As the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) are short, prognostication is crucial. Copy-number variations (CNVs) analysis by nextgeneration sequencing serves to identify critical cancer-related genomic regions. Thirty-three female cats with FMCs were followed during two years after surgery. Tumours represented tubulopapillary and solid carcinomas encompassing six molecular subtypes. Regardless of the histopathological diagnosis, molecular subtypes showed important differences in survival. Luminal A tumours exhibited the highest DFS (p = 0.002) and cancer-specific OS (p = 0.001), and the lowest amount of CNVs (p = 0.0001). In contrast, basal-like triple-negative FMCs had the worst outcome (DFS, p < 0.0001; and OS, p < 0.00001) and were the most aberrant (p = 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, copy-number losses (CNLs) in chromosome B1 (1-23 Mb) harbouring several tumour-repressors (e.g. CSMD1, MTUS1, MSR1, DBC2, and TUSC3) negatively influenced DFS. Whereas, copy-number gains (CNGs) in B4 (1-29 Mb) and F2 (64-82.3 Mb) comprising epithelial to mesenchymal transition genes and metastasis-promoting transcription factors (e.g. GATA3, VIM, ZEB1, and MYC) negatively influenced DFS and cancer-specific OS. These data evidence an association between specific CNVs in chromosomes B1, B4 and F2, and poor prognosis in FMCs.

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“…FMCs were staged according to the modified WHO staging system [36, 37] into: stage I, i.e., primary tumor less than 2 cm in diameter (pT1) with no evidence of regional or distant metastases (pN0-pNX and M0-MX); stage II, i.e., primary tumor 2 to 3 cm in diameter (pT2) with no evidence of regional or distant metastases (pN0-pNX and M0-MX); stage III, i.e., pT1-pT2 with evidence of regional metastases (pN+), or primary tumor greater than 3 cm in diameter (pT3), any pN but without evidence of distant metastases (M0-MX); and stage IV, i.e., evidence of distant metastases (M1) regardless of tumor size or nodal stage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bcl-2 expression and prognostic significance in feline invasive mammary carcinomas: a retrospective observational study

et al. 2019

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BackgroundCats spontaneously develop invasive mammary carcinomas with high clinical aggressiveness, and are considered relevant animal models for human breast cancer. Bcl-2 is an anti-apoptotic pro-survival protein, whose expression is associated with a favorable outcome in human breast cancer. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of Bcl-2 expression in feline invasive mammary carcinomas (FMCs), its relationship with other clinicopathologic variables, and its prognostic value. This retrospective study included 180 FMCs, diagnosed in female cats treated by surgery only, with a 2-year follow-up post-mastectomy. Bcl-2, ER, PR, Ki-67, HER2, and CK5/6 expression were determined by automated immunohistochemistry. A receiver-operating-characteristic curve was used to set the threshold for Bcl-2 positivity.ResultsThe cohort comprises 32% (57/180) luminal FMCs defined by ER and/or PR positivity, and 68% (123/180) triple-negative FMCs (negative for ER, PR, and HER2). Bcl-2 expression was considered as positive when at least 65% of tumor cells were immunohistochemically stained. Thirty-one out of 180 FMCs (17%) were Bcl-2-positive. There was no significant association between Bcl-2 expression, and the tumor size, nodal stage, histological grade, or ER, PR, Ki-67, HER2, and CK5/6 expression. By multivariate survival analysis (Cox proportional-hazards regression), Bcl-2 positivity in FMCs was associated with longer disease-free interval (p = 0.005, HR = 0.38), overall survival (p = 0.028, HR = 0.61), and cancer-specific survival (p = 0.019, HR = 0.54) independently of other powerful prognostic factors such as pathologic tumor size, pathologic nodal stage, and distant metastasis. The positive prognostic value of Bcl-2 was confirmed in both luminal FMCs, of which 9/57 (16%) were Bcl-2-positive, and in basal-like triple-negative (ER–, PR–, HER2–, CK5/6+) FMCs, of which 14/76 (18%) were Bcl-2-positive.ConclusionsCompared to human breast cancer, Bcl-2 positivity in feline invasive mammary carcinomas is also associated with better outcome, but is less common, and not associated with ER, PR, and HER2 expression. Cats with spontaneous Bcl-2-positive FMCs could be useful in preclinical trials evaluating anti-Bcl-2 strategies for chemoresistant luminal or triple-negative breast cancers.

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Mammary Tumours in the Cat

Abstract: This review summarises the current literature relating to aetiology, pathology, presentation, diagnosis, staging, treatment and prognosis of feline mammary tumours.

Cited by 46 publications

References 54 publications

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Comparative value of clinical, cytological, and histopathological features in feline mammary gland tumors; an experimental model for the study of human breast cancer

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Comparative value of clinical, cytological, and histopathological features in feline mammary gland tumors; an experimental model for the study of human breast cancer

Analysis of Copy-Number Variations and Feline Mammary Carcinoma Survival

Bcl-2 expression and prognostic significance in feline invasive mammary carcinomas: a retrospective observational study

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