Mammary carcinogenicity in female CD rats of fjord region diol epoxides of benzo[c]phenanthrene, benzo[g]chrysene and dibenzo[<i>a,l</i>]pyrene

Amin, Shantu; Krzeminski, Jacek; Rivenson, Abraham; Kurtzke, Christine; Hecht, Stephen S.; El‐Bayoumy, Karam

doi:10.1093/carcin/16.8.1971

Cited by 95 publications

(80 citation statements)

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“…Experiments 1, 2, and 4 used Teklad rodent diet, whereas experiment 3 used AIN-76A diet with 23.5% corn oil. See Hecht et al [1994Hecht et al [ , 1995Hecht et al [ , 1996 and Amin et al [1995] for details.…”

Section: Mammary Carcinogenicity Of Sterically Hindered Pah Diol Epoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco smoke carcinogens and breast cancer

Hecht

2002

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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186

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Cigarette smoking is an established cause of a variety of cancer types, but its role in breast cancer etiology is not clear. In this report, the potential role of cigarette smoke carcinogens as causes of human breast cancer is evaluated. Of over 60 known carcinogens in tobacco smoke, several are known to induce mammary tumors in laboratory animals: [4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, nitromethane, ethylene oxide, and benzene. Studies in humans demonstrate that tobacco constituents can reach breast tissue. The uptake and metabolic activation of mammary carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 4-aminobiphenyl are frequently higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. Although it is likely that specific mammary carcinogens in tobacco smoke can reach breast tissue, evidence is lacking at the present time. Some PAHs present in cigarette smoke can be metabolized to sterically hindered diol epoxides, which are potent mammary carcinogens. Thus, compounds such as benzo[c]phenanthrene (B[c]P), not classically considered to be a strong carcinogen in rodents, could nevertheless be metabolized in humans to diol epoxides carcinogenic to the breast. Collectively, the link between smoking and breast cancer is plausible but has been difficult to establish, probably because of the low carcinogen dose. Environ. Mol.

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Section: Mammary Carcinogenicity Of Sterically Hindered Pah Diol Epoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco smoke carcinogens and breast cancer

Hecht

2002

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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186

143

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“…In mice treated with DMSO alone, pulmonary tumours occurred in 14.8% of the tumourbearing females (26 animals; 0.19 tumours/mouse) and 7.4% of the tumour-bearing males (27 animals; 0.074 tumours/mouse); liver tumours developed in 11.1% of females (0.11 tumours/mouse) and 3.7% of males (0.037 tumours/mouse). The difference between the treated and control groups in males and females for pulmonary tumours, and that in males for hepatic tumours were statistically significant (Amin et al, 1995a).…”

Section: Carcinogenicity Studies Of Benzo[g]chrysene-1112-diol-1314mentioning

confidence: 78%

“…In eight male mice treated with DMSO alone, no pulmonary tumours and liver tumours occurred in 25% of the surviving mice (0.25 tumours/mouse). The differences in pulmonary tumours between the treated and control groups of males and females were statistically significant (Amin et al, 1995a).…”

Section: Carcinogenicity Studies Of Dibenzo[al]pyrene-1112-diol-13mentioning

confidence: 82%

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Integrating Field Analyses with Laboratory Exposures to Assess Ecosystems Health

Hellou¹,

Beach²,

Leonard³

et al. 2012

Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds

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initiated a programme on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans involving the production of critically evaluated monographs on individual chemicals. The programme was subsequently expanded to include evaluations of carcinogenic risks associated with exposures to complex mixtures, life-style factors and biological and physical agents, as well as those in specific occupations. The objective of the programme is to elaborate and publish in the form of monographs critical reviews of data on carcinogenicity for agents to which humans are known to be exposed and on specific exposure situations; to evaluate these data in terms of human risk with the help of international working groups of experts in chemical carcinogenesis Publications of the World Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. All rights reserved.The International Agency for Research on Cancer welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate IARC publications -whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution -should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: permissions@who.int).The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.The IARC Monographs Working Group alone is responsible for the views expressed in this publication. IARC Library Cataloguing in Publication Data NOTE TO THE READERThe term 'carcinogenic risk' in the IARC Monographs series is taken to mean that an agent is capable of causing cancer under some circumstances. The Monographs evaluate cancer hazards, despite the historical presence of the word 'risks' in the title.Inclusion of an agent in the Monographs does not imply that it is a carcinogen, only that the published data have been examined. Equally, the fact that an agent has not yet been evaluated in a Monograph does not mean that it is not carcinogenic.The evaluations of carcinogenic risk are made by international working groups of independent scientists and are qualitative in nature. No recommendation is given for regulation or legislation.Anyone who is aware of published data that may alter the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of an agent to humans is encouraged to make this information available to the Section of IARC Monographs, International Agency for...

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“…Mammalian liver enzymes (cytochromes P-450 and epoxide hydrolase) oxidize certain PAHs to fjord-and bay-region diolepoxides (2,11,17,29,30); these moieties form covalent adducts with DNA (17,28). Therefore, many PAHs are genotoxic and/or carcinogenic (1, 2, 8, 14, 23) and promote similar effects of other compounds (6).…”

Section: Appendix -Publicationmentioning

confidence: 99%