“…More than a decade ago Mares (1982Mares ( , 1986 and Pine (1982) expressed concern over the lack of research in the Neotropics, particularly South America, and our lack of knowledge of the composition and ecology of its mammalian faunas. Several recent studies document high mammalian diversity in tropical rain forests (Fonseca & Kierulff, 1989;Stallings, 1989;Timm et al, 1989;Woodman et al, 1991). Whether the mammalian diversity in rain forests, specifically in the Amazon Basin, is exceptional for the tropics is the subject of current controversy (Ghesser & Hackett, 1992;Mares, 1992a,b;Pimm & Gittleman, 1992).…”