Mammalian Sex Determination and Gonad Development

Wilhelm, Dagmar; Yang, Jennifer Xuelian; Thomas, Paul Q.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-416021-7.00003-1

Cited by 40 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…In accordance with this hypothesis, spatial differences in meiotic entry exist between mice (anterior to posterior wave) and human (starting in the medulla and spreading radially to the cortex) [48,49]. The first individual follicles, however, appear in the cortico-medullar interface in both species, suggesting a common mechanism determined by a local factor, structure or somatic cell population present in the medulla.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Geography of Follicle Formation in the Embryonic Mouse Ovary Impacts Activation Pattern During the First Wave of Folliculogenesis1

Cordeiro

Kim

Ebbert

et al. 2015

Biology of Reproduction

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During embryonic development, mouse female germ cells enter meiosis in an anterior-to-posterior wave believed to be driven by retinoic acid. It has been proposed that ovarian follicle formation and activation follow the same general wave of meiotic progression; however, the precise anatomic specification of these processes has not been delineated. Here, we created a mouse line using Mvh, Gdf9, and Zp3 promoters to drive distinct temporal expression of three fluorescent proteins in the oocytes and to identify where the first follicle cohort develops. The fluorescent profile revealed that the first growing follicles consistently appeared in a specific region of the ovary, the anterior-dorsal region, which led us to analyze if meiotic onset occurred earlier in the dorsal ovarian region. Surprisingly, in addition to the anterior-to-posterior wave, we observed an early meiotic entry in the ventral region of the ovary. This additional anatomic stratification of meiosis contrasts with the localization of the initial follicle formation and activation in the dorsal region of the ovary. Therefore, our study suggests that the specification of cortical and medullar areas in the ventral and dorsal regions on the ovary, rather than the onset of meiosis, impacts where the first follicle activation event occurs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Geography of Follicle Formation in the Embryonic Mouse Ovary Impacts Activation Pattern During the First Wave of Folliculogenesis1

Cordeiro

Kim

Ebbert

et al. 2015

Biology of Reproduction

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“…It is believed that they are of a mesenchymal origin however epithelial origin also has its supporters. The amount of these cells is continuously increasing during the development and it is suggested that the new cells are recruited from existing precursor cells and do not originate from cell division (Wilhelm et al 2013). The presence of these cells in the testes of cats with DSD in similar quantities as in the testes of healthy cats suggests that they are the source of testosterone responsible for the development of secondary and tertiary sex characteristics in the animals under study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Sry and Sox9 genes, which are responsible for the development of male gonads, initiate the creation of supporting cells as the first cells specific for male gonads. The final number of supporting cells in the testes of an adult male determines the number of stem cells for which they can provide support and therefore regulates the level of sperm production and fertility of the male (Wilhelm et al 2013). This leads to a presumption of lower fertility of cats with DSD as compared to the healthy males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological analysis of testicles in cats with disorders of sex development

Dzimira

Niżański

Madej

2017

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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Disorders of sex development (DSD) are rare in cats. They can be caused by chromosomal aberrations, gene mutations or other undefined factors. The aim of the present study was to compare the histological structure and immunohistochemical reactivity of testes in cats with DSD and in healthy cats. The research material consisted of the gonads of four cats -phenotypic males with an incorrect structure of the reproductive system. The control group consisted of the testes of four healthy cats -routinely castrated phenotypical males. The material was fixed with formalin and embedded in paraffin; the sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The immunohistochemical investigation were performed using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies directed against desmin, vimentin, actin of smooth muscles, S100 protein and MCM3 protein. The results obtained allow concluding that the testes of cats with DSD differed in certain respects, mainly in the number of blood vessels, from the normal testes. Moreover, the results of immunohistochemical examination indicate that in the testes of cats with DSD the number of supporting cells is lower, the amount of interstitial cells is comparable and spermatogenesis is correct es compared to those determined in the control gonads. The number of blood vessels in cats with DSD is reduced by about 30%. It confirms the recommendations for castration of these animals in order to eliminate the potential inheritance of sex development disorders.

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“…Other genes involved in the early stages of gonadogenesis are steroidogenic factor 1 (Sf1), GATA-binding protein 4 (Gata4), dosage-sensitive sex reversal, adrenal hypoplasia critical region, on chromosome X, gene 1 (Dax-1), Wilms' tumor suppressor 1 (Wt1), LIM homeobox 1 (Lhx1), Lhx9, and empty spiracles homeobox 2 (Emx2) (reviewed in Larney et al 2014;Ludbrook and Harley 2004;Parker et al 1999;Tanaka and Nishinakamura 2014;Wilhelm et al 2013). For instance, mice null for Sf1 show gonadal agenesis (i.e., the absence of one or both gonads), resulting from an arrest in genital ridge development (Luo et al 1994).…”

Section: Genital Ridge Formation and Sex Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of the Sertoli Cell in the Fetal, Pubertal, and Adult Mammalian Testis

Chojnacka¹,

Zarzycka

Mruk³

2016

Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation

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A healthy man typically produces between 50 × 10(6) and 200 × 10(6) spermatozoa per day by spermatogenesis; in the absence of Sertoli cells in the male gonad, this individual would be infertile. In the adult testis, Sertoli cells are sustentacular cells that support germ cell development by secreting proteins and other important biomolecules that are essential for germ cell survival and maturation, establishing the blood-testis barrier, and facilitating spermatozoa detachment at spermiation. In the fetal testis, on the other hand, pre-Sertoli cells form the testis cords, the future seminiferous tubules. However, the role of pre-Sertoli cells in this process is much less clear than the function of Sertoli cells in the adult testis. Within this framework, we provide an overview of the biology of the fetal, pubertal, and adult Sertoli cell, highlighting relevant cell biology studies that have expanded our understanding of mammalian spermatogenesis.

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Mammalian Sex Determination and Gonad Development

Cited by 40 publications

References 157 publications

Geography of Follicle Formation in the Embryonic Mouse Ovary Impacts Activation Pattern During the First Wave of Folliculogenesis1

Geography of Follicle Formation in the Embryonic Mouse Ovary Impacts Activation Pattern During the First Wave of Folliculogenesis1

Morphological analysis of testicles in cats with disorders of sex development

Biology of the Sertoli Cell in the Fetal, Pubertal, and Adult Mammalian Testis

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