Mammalian Frugivores With Different Foraging Behavior Can Show Similar Seed Dispersal Effectiveness

McConkey, Kim R.; Brockelman, Warren Y.; Saralamba, Chanpen

doi:10.1111/btp.12156

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…By studying each frugivore, the relative contributions of each frugivore in seed dispersal can be assessed, which is important to understand the details of functional dispersal networks, such as the complementarity and redundancy between dispersal agents (McConkey et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Neglected seed dispersers: endozoochory by Javan lutungs (Trachypithecus auratus) in Indonesia

et al. 2017

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Leaf monkeys are known to be leaf eaters, and thus, their potential role as seed dispersers has been neglected. However, they do also feed on fruits. To examine the role of leaf monkeys as endozoochorous seed dispersers, we studied the Javan lutung (Trachypithecus auratus) in Indonesia. We compared multiple aspects of seed dispersal processes (amount and diversity of seeds ingested, dispersal distance, and germination rate) of lutungs with that of the sympatric long‐tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis). Over the study period, 54 percent of the lutung feces contained intact seeds, which was equivalent to the macaque feces contained seeds (62%). Seeds of at least six plant species were detected in the lutung feces, which was less than those found in the macaque feces (>19 plant species). The main species of seeds defecated by both lutungs and macaques was Ficus spp. (seed size: 0.7 mm). Seed shadow, estimated from travel distance (range: 1–299 m) and gut passage rate (24–96 h), had a unimodal‐distribution with a peak at 51–100 m, and was shorter than that reported in published accounts of macaques and other similar and smaller sized frugivores. Finally, germination rates of Ficus spp. seeds ingested by both lutungs and macaques were lower than that of the control seeds. These results imply that the dispersal effectiveness of lutungs would be lower than that of the sympatric primate frugivores. However, at a population level, lutungs could play a significant role as seed dispersers for the small‐seeded species, and therefore, more research into their frugivorous habits is warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Studying the relative contribution of individual fruit eaters to seed dispersal is important for understanding the complementarity or redundancy of dispersal agents in those networks (McConkey et al . , González‐Castro et al . ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neglected seed dispersers: endozoochory by Javan lutungs (Trachypithecus auratus) in Indonesia

et al. 2017

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“…The effectiveness of seed dispersal mutualisms has been widely explored in previous studies aiming to assess not only the immediate, but also the delayed effects frugivorous animals have on the plant populations they disperse (Schupp, ; Schupp et al., ). These studies have usually focused on the spatial patterns of seed deposition and seedling recruitment (Calviño‐Cancela & Martín‐Herrero, ; Escribano‐Ávila et al., ; Jordano & Schupp, ; McConkey et al., ; Rother, Pizo, & Jordano, ), whereas the temporal patterns of seed dispersal effectiveness during the fruiting phenophase have remained completely overlooked. Here, we fill this knowledge gap by demonstrating shifts in the identity and contribution of seed dispersers, the magnitude of seed rain (quantity component) and multiple demographic processes (quality sub components) necessary for seedling recruitment (quality component).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The timing of frugivore‐mediated seed dispersal effectiveness

González‐Varo

Jordano

2018

Molecular Ecology

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The seed dispersal effectiveness framework allows assessing mutualistic services from frugivorous animals in terms of quantity and quality. Quantity accounts for the number of seeds dispersed and quality for the probability of recruitment of dispersed seeds. Research on this topic has largely focused on the spatial patterns of seed deposition because seed fates often vary between microhabitats due to differences in biotic and abiotic factors. However, the temporal dimension has remained completely overlooked despite these factors-and even local disperser assemblages-can change dramatically during long fruiting periods. Here, we test timing effects on seed dispersal effectiveness, using as study case a keystone shrub species dispersed by frugivorous birds and with a fruiting period of 9 months. We evaluated quantity and quality in different microhabitats of a Mediterranean forest and different periods of the fruiting phenophase. We identified the bird species responsible for seed deposition through DNA barcoding and evaluated the probability of seedling recruitment through a series of field experiments on sequential demographic processes. We found that timing matters: The disperser assemblage was temporally structured, seed viability decreased markedly during the plant's fruiting phenophase, and germination was lower for viable seeds dispersed in the fruiting peak. We show how small contributions to seed deposition by transient migratory species can result in a relevant effectiveness if they disperse seeds in a high-quality period for seedling recruitment. This study expands our understanding of seed dispersal effectiveness, highlighting the importance of timing and infrequent interactions for population and community dynamics.

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“…The location of the feeding trees was also recorded by a handheld GPS. On Kinkazan Island, cheek pouch dispersal by the macaques [Tsujino & Yumoto, 2009;McConkey et al, 2014] was rarely observed ; therefore, we did not consider this type of dispersal in this study.…”

Section: Ranging Of the Macaquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endozoochorous seed dispersal by Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata): Effects of temporal variation in ranging and seed characteristics on seed shadows

Tsuji

Morimoto

2015

American J Primatol

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Variation in seed shadows generated by frugivores is caused by daily, seasonal, and inter-annual variation in ranging, as well as inter-specific variability in gut passage times according to seed characteristics. We studied the extent to which seed weight, specific gravity, and daily (morning, afternoon, and evening) and inter-annual (2004 vs. 2005) variation in ranging affected seed shadows generated by wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in northern Japan. The macaques ingested fleshy fruits of 11 species during the two year study period; Viburnum dilatatum (Caprifoliaceae: heavier seeds with higher specific gravity) and Rosa multiflora (Rosaceae: lighter seeds with lower specific gravity) were eaten frequently in both years. The travel distances of macaques after feeding on V. dilatatum and R. multiflora fruits were estimated by combining feeding locations and ranging patterns measured in the field with gut passage times of model seeds in captive animals. Median travel distances after fruit feeding were 431 (quantile range: 277-654) and 478 m (265-646), respectively, with a maximum of 1,261 m. Neither year nor time of day affected travel distances. The gut passage time of model V. dilatatum seeds was longer than that of model R. multiflora seed, but this did not affect dispersal distances. Seed shadows for both species over 2 years showed unimodal distribution (peak: 101-500 m) and more than 90%, 20%, and 3% of ingested seeds were estimated to be dispersed >100, >500, and >1000 m, respectively, the longest known distances among macaque species. R. multiflora seeds tended to be dispersed further in 2004 than 2005, but V. dilatatum seeds were not, implying that inter-annual variations in ranging pattern due to the distribution and abundance of nut fruiting could affect dispersal distance.

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Mammalian Frugivores With Different Foraging Behavior Can Show Similar Seed Dispersal Effectiveness

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Neglected seed dispersers: endozoochory by Javan lutungs (Trachypithecus auratus) in Indonesia

Neglected seed dispersers: endozoochory by Javan lutungs (Trachypithecus auratus) in Indonesia

The timing of frugivore‐mediated seed dispersal effectiveness

Endozoochorous seed dispersal by Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata): Effects of temporal variation in ranging and seed characteristics on seed shadows

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