Mamiellophyceae shift in seasonal predominance in the Baltic Sea

Majaneva, Markus; Enberg, Sara; Autio, Riitta; Blomster, Jaanika; Rintala, Janne-Markus

doi:10.3354/ame01915

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The timeline from the beginning of January to mid-April represents the ice-covered season in ice and water column using microscopy and the 18S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Together with Majaneva et al (2019), they show that different species of flagellates characterize sea ice, under-ice water, and the water column during the sea-ice-covered season. Coupled with results of, not to this study, the distinct communities in the different sea-ice habitats also seem to extend to the abundances of the heterotrophic microbial community.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Autumn to spring microbial community in the northern Baltic Sea: temporal variability in bacterial, viral and nanoflagellate abundance during the cold-water season

et al. 2020

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Marine microbial communities undergo drastic changes during the seasonal cycle in high latitude seas. Despite the dominance of microbial biomass in the oceans, comprehensive studies on the seasonal changes of microbial plankton during the complete winter period are lacking. To study the seasonal variation in abundance of the microbial community, water samples were collected weekly in the Northern Baltic Sea from October to May. During ice cover from mid-January to April, samples from the sea ice and the underlying water were taken in addition to the water column samples. Abundances of bacteria, virus-like particles, nanoflagellates, and chlorophyll a concentrations were measured from sea ice, under-ice water, and the water column, and examined in relation to environmental conditions. All studied organisms had clear seasonal changes in abundance, and the sea-ice microbial community had an independent wintertime development compared to the water column. Bacteria were observed to have a key role in the biotic interactions in both ice and the water column, and the dormant period during the cold-water months (October–May) was limited to before ice formation. Our results provide the first insights into the temporal dynamics of bacteria and viruses during the whole cold-water season (October–May) in coastal high latitude seas, and demonstrate that changes in the environmental conditions are likely to affect bacterial dynamics and have implications on trophic interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Autumn to spring microbial community in the northern Baltic Sea: temporal variability in bacterial, viral and nanoflagellate abundance during the cold-water season

et al. 2020

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“…The presented sequence material (reads) is from Baltic Sea ice studies based on sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene [11,[35][36][37] (see Fig. S1 and Table S1 (Online Resource 1) for sampling locations and time points).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we firstly placed the Ciliophora sequences we had gathered during our sea-ice studies in the Baltic Sea [11,[35][36][37] on the Ciliophora 18S rRNA reference tree [29]. With this reidentification, we gained more accurate taxonomic information on the sea-ice associated Ciliophora assemblages and could assign functions to them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomically and Functionally Distinct Ciliophora Assemblages Inhabiting Baltic Sea Ice

2021

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Ciliophora is a phylum of unicellular eukaryotes that are common and have pivotal roles in aquatic environments. Sea ice is a marine habitat, which is composed of a matrix of solid ice and pockets of saline water in which Ciliophora thrive. Here, we used phylogenetic placement to identify Ciliophora 18S ribosomal RNA reads obtained from wintertime water and sea ice, and assigned functions to the reads based on this taxonomic information. Based on our results, sea-ice Ciliophora assemblages are poorer in taxonomic and functional richness than under-ice water and water-column assemblages. Ciliophora diversity stayed stable throughout the ice-covered season both in sea ice and in water, although the assemblages changed during the course of our sampling. Under-ice water and the water column were distinctly predominated by planktonic orders Choreotrichida and Oligotrichida, which led to significantly lower taxonomic and functional evenness in water than in sea ice. In addition to planktonic Ciliophora, assemblages in sea ice included a set of moderately abundant surface-oriented species. Omnivory (feeding on bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes) was the most common feeding type but was not as predominant in sea ice as in water. Sea ice included cytotrophic (feeding on unicellular eukaryotes), bacterivorous and parasitic Ciliophora in addition to the predominant omnivorous Ciliophora. Potentially mixotrophic Ciliophora predominated the water column and heterotrophic Ciliophora sea ice. Our results highlight sea ice as an environment that creates a set of variable habitats, which may be threatened by the diminishing extent of sea ice due to changing climate.

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“…Primers were removed from the downloaded raw reads using cutadapt 72 , except from Roche 454 sequenced reads where forward primers were removed after quality trimming. ASVs were compiled after the reads were quality trimmed using DADA2 73 , except for studies with available quality trimmed ASVs 42,74 . The DADA2 parameters were adjusted based on the quality profiles of the sequencing runs.…”

Section: Kyr (Figs 4 and 5)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Group 2i Isochrysidales produce characteristic alkenones reflecting sea ice distribution

et al. 2021

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Alkenones are biomarkers produced solely by algae in the order Isochrysidales that have been used to reconstruct sea surface temperature (SST) since the 1980s. However, alkenone-based SST reconstructions in the northern high latitude oceans show significant bias towards warmer temperatures in core-tops, diverge from other SST proxies in down core records, and are often accompanied by anomalously high relative abundance of the C37 tetra-unsaturated methyl alkenone (%C37:4). Elevated %C37:4 is widely interpreted as an indicator of low sea surface salinity from polar water masses, but its biological source has thus far remained elusive. Here we identify a lineage of Isochrysidales that is responsible for elevated C37:4 methyl alkenone in the northern high latitude oceans through next-generation sequencing and lab-culture experiments. This Isochrysidales lineage co-occurs widely with sea ice in marine environments and is distinct from other known marine alkenone-producers, namely Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica. More importantly, the %C37:4 in seawater filtered particulate organic matter and surface sediments is significantly correlated with annual mean sea ice concentrations. In sediment cores from the Svalbard region, the %C37:4 concentration aligns with the Greenland temperature record and other qualitative regional sea ice records spanning the past 14 kyrs, reflecting sea ice concentrations quantitatively. Our findings imply that %C37:4 is a powerful proxy for reconstructing sea ice conditions in the high latitude oceans on thousand- and, potentially, on million-year timescales.

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Mamiellophyceae shift in seasonal predominance in the Baltic Sea

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Autumn to spring microbial community in the northern Baltic Sea: temporal variability in bacterial, viral and nanoflagellate abundance during the cold-water season

Autumn to spring microbial community in the northern Baltic Sea: temporal variability in bacterial, viral and nanoflagellate abundance during the cold-water season

Taxonomically and Functionally Distinct Ciliophora Assemblages Inhabiting Baltic Sea Ice

Group 2i Isochrysidales produce characteristic alkenones reflecting sea ice distribution

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