Maltreatment experiences and associated factors prior to admission to residential care: A sample of institutionalized children and youth in western Kenya

Physical and sexual abuse in orphaned compared to non-orphaned children in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Institutions often care for highly vulnerable children including those without an adult caregiver and those who have survived one or more forms of maltreatment (Morantz, Cole, Ayaya, Ayuku, & Braitstein, 2013b). As children in institutions may differ significantly from those within extended family situations, future research into the prevalence of abuse within this model of care is needed.…”

“…Qualitative research has demonstrated that AIDS orphans experience AIDS-related stigma and discrimination, not experienced by their other orphan peers (Morantz et al, 2013b; Strode & Barrett-Grant, 2001). The high prevalence of HIV/AIDS and resulting large number of AIDS orphans in SSA makes this distinction extremely important for physical and sexual abuse research in this region.…”

“…Orphans are less likely to attend school across Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA; Ainsworth & Filmer, 2006; Deininger, Garcia, & Subbarao, 2003; Makame, Ani, & Grantham-McGregor, 2002; Monasch & Boerma, 2004; Subbarao & Coury, 2004). Research into intra-household discrimination demonstrates that orphans are less likely to be enrolled in school than non-orphans with whom they live (Case, Paxson, & Ableidinger, 2004), more likely to go to bed hungry (Makame et al, 2002), and more likely to be subject to material neglect within households (Cluver & Gardner, 2007a; Cluver & Gardner, 2007b; Cluver, Gardner, & Operario, 2007; Morantz, Cole, Vreeman, Ayaya, Ayuku, & Braitstein, 2013a; Morantz, Cole, Ayaya, Ayuku, & Braitstein, 2013b). Orphans are also more likely to be exploited than non-orphans, including being subjected to child labor (Deininger et al, 2003; Siaens, Subbarao, & Wodon, 2003; Whetten et al, 2011) and unjust loss of assets (Deininger et al, 2003; Subbarao & Coury, 2004).…”

The Production and Reproduction of Kinship in Charitable Children’s Institutions in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya

“…Funding flows and commercial factors are also present in the establishment and sustaining of institutions (Berens and Nelson 2015;Rotabi et al 2017;Williamson and Greenberg 2010). Research conducted in Uasin Gishu (UG), Kenya, in 2011 indicated that reasons for placement of orphans in institutional care were destitution (36%), followed by abandonment (22%), neglect (21%), physical or sexual abuse (8%), and lack of an available or able caregiver (8%) (Morantz et al 2013). Many orphaned children become street-involved because of poverty, child abuse, and family conflict-the leading causes of street involvement globally (Embleton et al 2016).…”

The impact of school support on depression among adolescent orphans: a cluster‐randomized trial in Kenya

“…With over 140 million orphans worldwide and 52 million in Africa alone (UNICEF, ), identifying strategies for promoting positive developmental outcomes is a public health imperative. In sub‐Saharan Africa, orphans often face challenges at multiple levels, including elevated risk of living in poverty, having less stable caregiving, lacking access to education, experiencing mental and physical health problems, and even acquiring HIV (Cluver, Gardner, & Operario, ; Morantz, Cole, Ayaya, Ayuku, & Braitstein, ). This constellation of risk factors calls for evidence‐based intervention approaches that can improve multiple outcomes simultaneously while making the most efficient use of limited resources.…”