Maltreatment during childhood and risk for common mental disorders among first year university students in South Africa

Myers, Bronwyn; Bantjes, Jason; Löchner, Christine; Kessler, Ronald C.; Stein, Dan J.

doi:10.1007/s00127-020-01992-9

Cited by 23 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Significant associations were present for all 9 types of ACEs and depression, and between 2 of the ACEs and suicidal ideation. While previous research from sub-Saharan Africa has shown associations between ACEs and depression among adolescents and young adults [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], our findings demonstrate that the associations are consistent across all age ranges within a general population of adults. Moreover, our study extends prior work by assessing major depressive disorder and suicidal ideation in addition to using a standardized depression screening instrument.…”

Section: Plos Medicinecontrasting

confidence: 78%

“…Two studies of children and adolescents in Uganda found that depression was associated with loss of a parent and alcohol consumption [34] and domestic violence [35]. These and other studies have indicated a high prevalence of ACEs and associations with depression and suicidality among children, adolescents, and young adults in sub-Saharan Africa [31,32,36,37]. To address the gap in the literature on ACEs and mental health among adults, we aimed to estimate the associations between ACEs and depression symptom severity, major depressive disorder, and suicidal ideation in a population-based sample of adults in rural Uganda.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Adverse childhood experiences, adult depression, and suicidal ideation in rural Uganda: A cross-sectional, population-based study

et al. 2021

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Background Depression is recognized globally as a leading cause of disability. Early-life adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been shown to have robust associations with poor mental health during adulthood. These effects may be cumulative, whereby a greater number of ACEs are progressively associated with worse outcomes. This study aimed to estimate the associations between ACEs and adult depression and suicidal ideation in a cross-sectional, population-based study of adults in Uganda. Methods and findings Between 2016 and 2018, research assistants visited the homes of 1,626 adult residents of Nyakabare Parish, a rural area in southwestern Uganda. ACEs were assessed using a modified version of the Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire, and depression symptom severity and suicidal ideation were assessed using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist for Depression (HSCL-D). We applied a validated algorithm to determine major depressive disorder diagnoses. Overall, 1,458 participants (90%) had experienced at least one ACE, 159 participants (10%) met criteria for major depressive disorder, and 28 participants (1.7%) reported suicidal ideation. We fitted regression models to estimate the associations between cumulative number of ACEs and depression symptom severity (linear regression model) and major depressive disorder and suicidal ideation (Poisson regression models). In multivariable regression models adjusted for age, sex, primary school completion, marital status, self-reported HIV status, and household asset wealth, the cumulative number of ACEs was associated with greater depression symptom severity (b = 0.050; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.039–0.061, p < 0.001) and increased risk for major depressive disorder (adjusted relative risk [ARR] = 1.190; 95% CI, 1.109–1.276; p < 0.001) and suicidal ideation (ARR = 1.146; 95% CI, 1.001–1.311; p = 0.048). We assessed the robustness of our findings by probing for nonlinearities and conducting analyses stratified by age. The limitations of the study include the reliance on retrospective self-report as well as the focus on ACEs that occurred within the household. Conclusions In this whole-population, cross-sectional study of adults in rural Uganda, the cumulative number of ACEs had statistically significant associations with depression symptom severity, major depressive disorder, and suicidal ideation. These findings highlight the importance of developing and implementing policies and programs that safeguard children, promote mental health, and prevent trajectories toward psychosocial disability.

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Section: Plos Medicinecontrasting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Adverse childhood experiences, adult depression, and suicidal ideation in rural Uganda: A cross-sectional, population-based study

et al. 2021

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“…Other studies confirmed our results indicating that victims of school bullying experienced adverse emotional consequences and depression [ 12 ]. Maltreatment during childhood was linked to12-month diagnoses of major depressive disorder [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies provide important evidence of the link between child maltreatment and depression and highlight the particularly larger association with emotional maltreatment in childhood [ 13 , 14 ]. A systematic review and meta-analysis has demonstrated a robust association between child maltreatment and the development of mental disorders [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Adolescent Depressive Symptoms

Malinauskienė

Malinauskas

2021

IJERPH

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The present study expands the existing literature and supplements today’s knowledge on the relationship between personal, psychosocial and lifestyle factors and depressive symptoms among adolescents. The study aimed to investigate the variety of depressive symptoms predictors—personal resources, adverse school and family, health, lifestyle-related (sense of coherence, self-esteem, school involvement, negative acts at school, family stress and violence, psychosomatic health complaints, physical activity, smoking, alcohol) as well as gender, employing hierarchical linear regression analysis in a large representative sample of adolescents (N = 2212) in Kaunas, Lithuania. Four blocks of predictors were employed in hierarchical linear regression analysis. In the final model 64.9% of depressive symptoms were explained by all the predictors. Sense of coherence was the strongest predictor of depressive symptoms (standardized regression coefficient β = −605, p < 0.001 in the first model and β = −263, p < 0.001 in the final model after adjustment for all other independent variables) and accounted for 36.6% of variance. In conclusion, this study supports the notion that depressive symptoms among adolescents have multifactorial origins with many predictors showing significant effect seizes. Therefore, high sense of coherence and self-esteem, school involvement, higher levels of physical activity would be protective and influence lower levels of depressive symptoms among adolescents. Exposure to negative acts at school and negative experiences in the family, psychosomatic health complaints, smoking would increase the probability of depressive symptoms. Girls are more prone to depression as compared to boys.

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“…Like many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) [ 1 , 2 ], mental health concerns are highly prevalent among South African adolescents and young adults between the ages of 15 and 24, with an estimated 30% to 40% of this age cohort being at elevated risk of depression, anxiety, or problematic substance use [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Compared with their male age counterparts, adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) appear particularly vulnerable for mental health concerns [ 3 , 4 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Recurrent and Multiple Types of Abuse with Adverse Mental Health, Substance Use, and Sexual Health Outcomes among Out-of-School Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Cape Town, South Africa

Myers

Browne

Carney

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Although physical and sexual abuse exposure is a well-established risk for poor health, the dimensions of abuse associated with health among socially vulnerable adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) remain underexamined. This article describes associations between combinations of abuse type and timing with mental health, substance use, and sexual risk outcomes among a sample of 499 AGYW (aged 16 to 19) who had left school early and were recruited for a cluster randomized trial in Cape Town, South Africa. Approximately one-third (33.5%; 95% CI: 28.7, 38.6) of participants reported lifetime abuse. Exposure to more than one type of abuse was associated with increased risk of depression (β = 3.92; 95% CI: 2.25, 5.59) and anxiety (β = 3.70; 95% CI: 2.11, 5.28), and greater odds of polydrug use (OR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.02, 4.34) and substance-impaired sex (OR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.31, 3.86). Exposure to multiple types of abuse during childhood/early adolescence and again in late adolescence was associated with increased risk of depression (β = 4.65; 95% CI: 3.15, 6.14), anxiety (β = 4.35; 95% CI: 2.70, 6.02), and polydrug use (OR = 2.37; 95% CI: 1.03, 5.73). Findings underscore the need for trauma-informed interventions that reduce mental health, substance use, and sexual risks among AGYW who have experienced multiple forms of abuse and recurrent abuse.

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Maltreatment during childhood and risk for common mental disorders among first year university students in South Africa

Cited by 23 publications

References 66 publications

Adverse childhood experiences, adult depression, and suicidal ideation in rural Uganda: A cross-sectional, population-based study

Adverse childhood experiences, adult depression, and suicidal ideation in rural Uganda: A cross-sectional, population-based study

Predictors of Adolescent Depressive Symptoms

The Association of Recurrent and Multiple Types of Abuse with Adverse Mental Health, Substance Use, and Sexual Health Outcomes among Out-of-School Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Cape Town, South Africa

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