Malpractice and socioeconomic aspects in neurosurgery: a developing-country reality

Abstract

OBJECTIVENeurosurgery occupies a prominent place in medical malpractice, but cases are still underreported in Brazil. This study describes the socioeconomic issues of medical malpractice in neurosurgery procedures and how they culminate in unfavorable outcomes in a developing country.METHODSThe authors analyzed 112 neurosurgical procedures listed in the Brazilian Hospital Information System (Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde [SIHSUS]) records in the DATASUS (Departamento de Informática do SUS) database between January 2008 and February 2020. Malpractice data were collected using the JusBrasil platform, with the authors searching the name of each of the 112 neurosurgical procedures plus “medical malpractice” among the jurisprudence records for January 2008 to February 2020. A simple linear regression analysis was performed using appropriate software. Analyses were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.RESULTSAccording to DATASUS, 842,041 neurosurgical procedures were performed by the Brazilian Unified Health System between January 2008 and February 2020. The mean hospitalization cost for neurosurgical procedures was $714.06, and the average amount paid to professionals per procedure was $145.28 with variations according to the type of practice (public or private) in which they were performed, the complexity of the procedure, and the Brazilian region. The mortality rate and mean length of stay for neurosurgical procedures were 11.37% and 10.15 days, respectively. There were 79 medical malpractice lawsuits in the studied period. In these lawsuits, 26.58% of the court decisions were unfavorable to the neurosurgeons, with a mean compensation per procedure 15 times higher than the median value paid for all professionals in a neurosurgical procedure. The spine subspecialty had more lawsuits, and the brain tumor subspecialty had the most expensive compensation.A lack of resources in public healthcare negatively impacts inpatient care. The mortality rate was 1.5 times higher in public practice than in private practice and was inversely proportional to the MTCs paid for the neurosurgical procedure. Patients with the lower educational levels associated with limited access to good medical care could reflect the lower plaintiff motivation in regions with a low gross domestic product and Human Development Index. In most cases, there is no understanding from either the patient or his family about the health-disease process, nor that there was medical malpractice committed by the physician to be sued.CONCLUSIONSThe socioeconomic inequalities and the population’s low awareness of their rights could explain the few malpractice cases reported in Brazil. The authors recommend better decisions regarding the investments to be made in neurosurgical procedures to reduce malpractice lawsuits.

Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding the use of clinical practice guidelines among spine surgeons in Latin America

“…[1] CPGs do not decrease the incidence of malpractice suits or costs Spine surgery predominates in number of malpractice suits in neurosurgery, comprising 40% of them. [2] According to our results on CPGs' attitudinal behaviors, spine surgeons do not regard adherence to guidelines as a factor associated with the decreasing likelihood of malpractice suits -in both CPG user and non-CPG user groups [Table 2]. In our study, we found that most spine surgeons disagreed that following CPGs help to reduce costs (n = 125/304, 44.07).…”

Evaluation of Medical Malpractice in Regard to Various Development Indicators: A Correlational Study

“…Özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde tıbbi malpraktis olgu sayısının gelişmiş ülkelere nazaran daha düşük düzeylerde olmasının sosyoekonomik eşitsizlik ve toplumun hakları konusunda düşük farkındalığı olabileceği ifade edilmiştir. 35 Çalışmamızda da tıbbi malpraktis iddia ve olgu sayıları, ülkelerin ekonomik, eğitim ve sağlık boyutlarıyla kalkınmışlığını değerlendiren HDI ile güçlü derecede, hukuk sistemlerinin gelişmişliğini gösteren hukukun üstünlüğü endeksi ile de çok güçlü derecede korele bulunmuştur (Tablo 1). Bir ülke sosyal, hukuksal ve ekonomik olarak geliştikçe, daha iyi bir sağlık hizmeti sunulabilecek ve tıbbi süreçlerdeki hata oranları azalacaktır.…”

Impact of COVID-19 on Neurosurgery in Brazil's Health System: The Reality of a Developing Country Affected by the Pandemic

“…Population disparities among regions on the basis of socioeconomic background compound issues resulting from access to and affordability of neurosurgical care related to the COVID-19 pandemic. 1 , 32 Altered protocols to combat the dissemination of the virus and treat patients with COVID-19 may be particularly harmful to neurosurgical patients in regions with limited access to the health care system, leaving patients to die without proper resources to provide comprehensive care. 16 , 33 The Southeast region has a high-volume regional medical center, in which 47.4% of total costs involved neurosurgery procedures in Brazil in 2020.…”