Malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and melatonin levels in gingival crevicular fluid of aggressive and chronic periodontitis patients

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and melatonin levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) as biomarkers for oxidative stress. Methods: The study comprised 65 subjects: 15 healthy individuals, 25 CP patients and 25 GAgP patients. Plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, clinical attachment level measurements and GCF samples were obtained from all subjects. MDA, SOD and melatonin levels were determined utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: GCF-MDA levels were significantly higher in the GAgP group compared to the CP and control groups (p < 0.001) and significantly higher in the CP group than the C group (p < 0.001). SOD and melatonin GCF levels were significantly higher in the control than the GAgP and CP groups (p < 0.05), and significantly lower in the GAgP than the CP group (p < 0.05). The CP group demonstrated a significant negative correlation between GCF-MDA and melatonin concentrations. A positive correlation was observed between SOD and CAL in the CP group and PD in the GAgP group. Conclusions: MDA, melatonin and SOD could be considered as biomarkers for oxidative stress in periodontal diseases and might be useful diagnostic aids in distinguishing CP and GAgP patients.

Antioxidant effects of melatonin in heart tissue after induction of experimental periodontitis in rats

“…Some Table 2 The levels of melatonin and oxidative stress parameters in the heart tissue (mean ± standard deviation) studies also indicate the relationship between severity of periodontal disease and MDA levels (14,(49)(50)(51), whereas others suggest that periodontal disease has a significant effect on ROS activity in systemic inflammatory conditions (39).…”

“…Reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from polymophonuclear leukocyte infiltration can lead to structural and metabolic changes in the biomolecules of cells, along with the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) as a final product of lipid peroxidation (LPO). MDA can inhibit protein synthesis and inactivate the antioxidant enzymes (13,14).…”

“…It can also be found in high concentrations in other cellular compartments. Physiological and pharmacological doses of melatonin increase enzyme activity and the gene expression of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (14). It also has a direct neutralizing effect on ROS (19) and MDA (14,20).…”

“…Physiological and pharmacological doses of melatonin increase enzyme activity and the gene expression of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (14). It also has a direct neutralizing effect on ROS (19) and MDA (14,20). Melatonin may also contribute to the antioxidative defence by directly affecting free radicals or indirectly preventing production of ROS (14,21).…”

“…It also has a direct neutralizing effect on ROS (19) and MDA (14,20). Melatonin may also contribute to the antioxidative defence by directly affecting free radicals or indirectly preventing production of ROS (14,21). It also exhibits indirect effects by increasing the effectiveness on SOD and GSH-Px, possibly via epigenetic mechanisms (13,22).…”