Malondialdehyde and Antioxidant Enzymes in Maternal and Cord Blood, and their Correlation in Normotensive and Preeclamptic Women

Abstract

BackgroundAn increased oxidative level and decreased antioxidant activities in the blood of preeclamptic women have been reported by us and other workers. The present study was aimed to evaluate oxidative stress in infants born to preeclamptic mothers, and to examine whether cord blood with oxygen radical disease had different total enzymatic antioxidant status than those without preeclampsia.MethodsThe present study consisted of 23 normotensive (served as control) and 23 preeclamptic mothers. We compared their oxidative and anti-oxidative system in maternal and cord blood of pair-matched mother and neonate. Their blood malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzymes were determined and compared to evaluate if pro-oxidative status of preeclampsia differs from the status in cord blood of pair-matched neonate.ResultsThe MDA content in preeclamptic maternal plasma was significantly high (p < 0.001) compared to that of control. Interestingly, its content in preeclamptic cord blood was significantly low (p < 0.001) compared to their pair-matched maternal blood. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was 8.7% higher in cord as compared to pair-matched normotensive maternal blood which was significant (p = 0.01) whereas in preeclamptic cord the level decreased significantly (p = 0.011) in comparison to pair-matched preeclamptic maternal. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was 16.4% higher in normotensive cord compared to maternal blood, and 7% low in preeclamptic cord compared to pair-matched maternal blood. The increase was significant (P = 0.011) in normotensive cord whereas in preeclamptic cord the decrease was insignificant (p = 0.06). Contrary to earlier reports on catalase activity, our results showed 20.97% elevation in normotensive and 16.12% increase in the preeclamptic cord blood compared to their pair-matched maternal blood. This change was significant with p = 0.01 and p = 0.017 in control and preeclamptic group respectively.ConclusionsOur results showed the significantly low MDA contents in the pair-matched cord blood and the activities of SOD, GPx and Catalase mentioned above, we conclude that the oxidative stress status is low in the blood of neonates born to preeclamptic mothers. Further studies are needed to explore strategies so that the normal levels of antioxidant vitamins are maintained to combat preeclampsia in women at high risk.KeywordsMaternal; Cord blood; Malondialdehyde; Antioxidant enzymes; Glutathione peroxidase; Glutathione reductase; Superoxide dismutase; Catalase

Total oxidant, antioxidant, and paraoxonase levels in babies born to pre‐eclamptic mothers

“…We concluded that the high TAS levels in the cord blood of BBPM indicated an increased antioxidant defense capacity in the blood of the fetus, probably providing protection against the increased oxidative damage in the mother. Our results were similar to those of the studies by Tastekin et al, 31 Suhail et al, 23,30 and Bowen et al 22 Another condition that could affect the oxidative level in the newborn is the maturation of the baby. Indeed, it was claimed that oxidative stress-related diseases are more frequently observed in premature babies than in full-term babies.…”

“…Moreover, studies on the oxidant-antioxidant status of the fetus and newborn have reported conflicting results. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Mehendale et al 24 showed that malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased and vitamin C and E levels decreased in both maternal and cord blood, in preeclamptic mothers and BBPM. Howlader et al 26 demonstrated that thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and lipid hydroperoxide levels were higher, but TAS and vitamin C levels were lower in the cord blood of the BBPM group than in the cord blood of the control group.…”

Hepatoprotective Effect of Fermented Soybean (Nutrient Enriched Soybean Tempeh) against Alcohol-Induced Liver Damage in Mice

“…Malondialdehyde (MDA) is known as a secondary metabolite that is produced from the lipid peroxidation of cell membrane and the amount of MDA is used as an indicator for lipid peroxidation of cell membrane which could cause cell damage [21]. In contrast, nitric oxide (NO) plays the role as an inflammatory indicator where it would accumulate as the hepatocytes injuries [26].…”

“…Malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in the liver, which is a thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance, was measured by lipid peroxidation estimation according to Suhail et al [21] with slight modification. The estimation of MDA level in liver homogenate was performed by mixing 100  μ L of liver homogenate sample with 400  μ L of phosphate-buffered saline, 12.5  μ L of butylated hydroxytoluene (8.8 mg/mL absolute ethanol), and 250  μ L of 30% w/v trichloroacetic acid.…”

NMR Spectroscopy and Metal Ions in Life Sciences

“…In clinical chemistry and medicine, ions are very important, since they appear as significant biomarkers for various diseases, and the fluctuations of their concentrations reveal the function of organs as well as of the whole metabolism . For example, sodium (Na + ) and potassium (K + ) are both essential elements that occur at high concentrations in the body and they have crucial roles in cellular homeostasis (Na + /K + ATPases) . Magnesium (Mg 2+ ) mainly is distributed in bones, skeletal muscles and soft tissues.…”