Malocclusion and rhinitis in children: an easy-going relationship or a yet to be resolved paradox? A systematic literature revision

Occasi, Francesca; Perri, Ludovica; Saccucci, Matteo; Carlo, Gabriele Di; Ierardo, Gaetano; Luzzi, Valeria; Castro, Giovanna De; Brindisi, Giulia; Loffredo, Lorenzo; Duse, Marzia; Polimeni, Antonella; Zicari, Anna Maria

doi:10.1186/s13052-018-0537-2

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Allergic rhinitis is the most common upper airway-obstructing disease to be experienced in adolescence [17][18][19], and is thus likely to cause malocclusion due to mouth breathing [14,20,21]. Allergic rhinitis has also been reported to be a risk factor for dental trauma [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness of Malocclusion Is Closely Associated with Allergic Rhinitis, Asthma, and Arrhythmia in Late Adolescents

et al. 2020

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Background: Oral infectious diseases are typified by dental caries and periodontal diseases and are known to be associated with various systemic diseases. However, clear associations between occlusal disorders and systemic diseases have not yet been established. We investigated the association between an awareness of malocclusion and common diseases in late adolescence. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of mandatory medical questionnaires that are a legal requirement of the freshman medical checkup. We collected the data of all the students who completed the questionnaires between April 2017 and 2019. The data were analyzed using the χ2 test and multivariate analysis was performed with a binomial logistic regression model. Results: The subjects were 9098 students aged 17–19 (mean age 18.3 years). The rate of awareness of malocclusion was 2.14% (195 out of 9098 eligible subjects; 160 males and 35 females). These students had significantly greater rates of allergic rhinitis, asthma, and arrhythmia (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed significant rates of allergic rhinitis (odds ratio [OR] 2.184, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.468–3.250, p < 0.001), asthma (OR 1.843, 95%CI: 1.153–2.945, p = 0.011), and arrhythmia (OR 2.809, 95%CI: 1.083–7.288, p = 0.034) among students with an awareness of malocclusion. Conclusion: We identified close associations between an awareness of malocclusion and systemic diseases including allergic rhinitis, asthma, and arrhythmia in the late adolescent population. These results reinforce the associations between malocclusion and allergic rhinitis and asthma, as well as providing novel insight into the association of malocclusion and arrhythmia. However, further research is necessary to confirm the associations and explore the mechanisms underlying these associations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness of Malocclusion Is Closely Associated with Allergic Rhinitis, Asthma, and Arrhythmia in Late Adolescents

et al. 2020

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“…In this study, pollinosis was closely associated with teeth-alignment disorder in the present population. Although it is well known that allergic rhinitis (another common otorhi-nolaryngologic diseases in adolescence) causes occlusal disorder due to mouth breathing [13,[20][21][22], the effects of pollinosis on dental disorders have not been clarified. As is a perennial/chronic disorder, allergic rhinitis could cause severe morphological disorder leading to the functional disorder by continuous mouth breathing [20][21][22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it is well known that allergic rhinitis (another common otorhi-nolaryngologic diseases in adolescence) causes occlusal disorder due to mouth breathing [13,[20][21][22], the effects of pollinosis on dental disorders have not been clarified. As is a perennial/chronic disorder, allergic rhinitis could cause severe morphological disorder leading to the functional disorder by continuous mouth breathing [20][21][22]. In contrast, pollinosis (which is a seasonal allergic disorder) would not cause functional disorder but might induce a mild morphological disorder of the dental arch by temporary mouth breathing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Close Association between Awareness of Teeth-Alignment Disorder and Systemic Disorders in Late Adolescence

et al. 2021

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Background: Oral diseases are associated with various systemic disorders. Our previous research revealed new insights into the close relationship between occlusal disorder (functional disorder) and systemic disorders (allergic rhinitis, asthma, and arrhythmia) in late adolescence. Here, we investigated whether there was an association between the awareness of teeth-alignment disorder (morphological disorder) and common systemic disorders. Subjects and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of the mandatory medical questionnaire that is required for the freshman medical checkup in Japan. We collected the data of all students who completed the questionnaire between April 2017 and April 2019. The data were analyzed using the χ2 test, and a multivariate analysis was performed with a binomial logistic regression model. Results: The subjects were 8903 students aged 17–19 who had no awareness of occlusal disorder. The rate of awareness of teeth-alignment disorder was 20.43% (1819 of 8903 eligible subjects), and the aware students had significantly greater rates of gum bleeding (p < 0.001), pollinosis (n = 0.007), and atopic dermatitis (n = 0.042). The multivariate analysis revealed significant rates of gum bleeding (odds ratio (OR) 1.540, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.386–1.711, p < 0.001), pollinosis (OR 1.197, 95% CI: 1.040–1.378, p = 0.012), and female gender (OR 1.141, 95% CI: 1.002–1.299, p = 0.046) among the students with awareness of teeth-alignment disorder. Conclusion: We identified close associations between the awareness of teeth-alignment disorder and both gum bleeding and pollinosis in a late-adolescent population. The systemic disorders that are targeted by teeth-alignment disorder were found to be different from those targeted by occlusal disorder.

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“…Mouth breathing may due to genetic factors, poor oral habits, or nasal obstruction, including but not limited to adenoid/tonsil hypertrophy, nasal polyps, nasal septum deviation, turbinate hypertrophy, or sinusitis. [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In addition, mouth breathing may be related to respiratory allergies, climatic conditions, a poor sleeping position, breastfeeding [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development and malocclusion in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Zhao¹,

Zheng²,

Huang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BACKGROUND: Mouth breathing is closely related to the facial skeletal development and malocclusion. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development and malocclusion in children. METHODS: An electronic search in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE and Sigle through February 23rd, 2020, was conducted. Inclusion criteria were children under 18 years of age with maxillofacial deformities due to mouth breathing. Methodological quality assessments of the selected articles were performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool for controlled clinical trials. The Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used for the quality assessment. The included indicators were SNA, SNB, ANB, SN-OP, SNGoGn, MP-H, 1-NA, 1. NA, 1. NB, 1-NB, SPAS, PAS, and C3-H. Data concerning the mean difference in mesial molar movement and extent of canine retraction were extracted for statistical analysis. The mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were analyzed for continuous data. Review Manager 5.3, was used to synthesize various parameters associated with the impact of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development and malocclusion. RESULTS: Following full-text evaluations for eligibility, 6 studies were included in the final quantitative synthesis. In Sagittal direction, SNA (MD: -1.61, P <0.0001), SNB (MD: -1.99, P <0.0001), ANB (MD: 0.95, P = 0.0005),1-NA (MD: 0.72, P = 0.004), 1. NA (MD: 1.98, P = 0.020), 1-NB (MD: 1.06, P < 0.0001), In vertical direction, SN-OP (MD: 3.20, P < 0.0001), SNGoGn (MD: 4.34, P < 0.0001). In airway, SPAS (MD: -5.23, P < 0.0001), PAS (MD: -2.11, P < 0.0001), and C3-H (MD: -1.34, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the mandible and maxilla rotated backward and downward, and the occlusal plane was steep. In addition, mouth breathing presented a tendency of labial inclination of the upper anterior teeth. Airway stenosis was comm on in mouth-breathing children. TRIAL REGISTRATION: crd-register@york.ac.uk; registration number CRD42019129198

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Malocclusion and rhinitis in children: an easy-going relationship or a yet to be resolved paradox? A systematic literature revision

Cited by 27 publications

References 47 publications

Awareness of Malocclusion Is Closely Associated with Allergic Rhinitis, Asthma, and Arrhythmia in Late Adolescents

Awareness of Malocclusion Is Closely Associated with Allergic Rhinitis, Asthma, and Arrhythmia in Late Adolescents

Close Association between Awareness of Teeth-Alignment Disorder and Systemic Disorders in Late Adolescence

Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development and malocclusion in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

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