Malocclusion and Associated Factors in Early Childhood and Knowledge Level of Mothers from Childcare Groups

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence of malocclusion and associated factors in children and the level of knowledge of mothers participating in the child care group of a basic health unit. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in children between 18 and 72 months of a childcare group in Pelotas. Children whose parents or legal guardians signed the informed consent term participated in the study. Data were collected through a questionnaire previously tested and applied to the mothers, and a clinical examination of children's occlusion were performed by examiners after training and calibration. Statistical analysis was descriptive and analytic. In the bivariate analyses, it was used the Pearson, Fisher or Linear Trend Qui-Square tests and, in the multivariate analysis, the Poisson regression. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were obtained, and a p-value <0.05 was used. Results: Forty-seven children were included and 41.3% presented malocclusion. The prevalence of malocclusion was associated with a higher number of children in the family (p<0.005) and breastfeeding for more than 12 months (p<0.05). The highest prevalence of open bite was associated with the use of a pacifier and working mothers (p<0.05). Conclusion:Most mothers reported having knowledge about the time and use of pacifiers in childhood. In this group, the prevalence of malocclusion in children was high and associated with behavioral and social factors.

Orientação do uso da chupeta e sua influência no desmame precoce e nas deformidades orofaciais

“…(Traebert et al, 2021). Como citado anteriormente a maioria das mães tem conhecimento sobre o tempo de uso de chupeta de seus filhos (Oliveira et al, 2021), talvez o que elas não saibam são as consequências a curto e longo prazo que esse hábito pode gerar e a importância da interceptação precoce (Pegoraro et al, 2022). A curto prazo, já se sabe, que o uso da chupeta pode causar confusões de bico por alterar a dinâmica oral do bebê (Boccolini et al, 2015), e a longo prazo mostrou-se muito importante no desenvolvimento de más oclusões, principalmente mordida aberta anterior e mordida cruzada posterior.…”

“…Nesse grupo, a prevalência de má oclusão em crianças foi alta e associada a fatores comportamentais e sociais. (Oliveira et al, 2021). Como vimos, a amamentação, além de ser nutritiva e contribui para a imunidade, favorece o desenvolvimento da musculatura facial, estimula a respiração, deglutição, mastigação e fonação, está sendo também considerada um estimulante ortopédico para a articulação temporomandibular, prevenindo más oclusões (Traebert et al, 2021).…”