Malnutrition and Sarcopenia in COVID-19 Survivors

Grund, Stefan; Bauer, Jürgen

doi:10.1016/j.cger.2022.04.001

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Nowadays, for apparent reasons, sarcopenia and post-COVID syndrome are attracting mounting attention in the medical field. 5,9,10,[20][21][22] Furthermore, their possible concomitance is also noteworthy because both sarcopenia and COVID-19 are seen in older persons as well as in others who experience decreased daily activities either due to isolation or hospitalization during the COVID-19 pandemic. [5][6][7] We have introduced a third unexpected category of patients who might develop sarcopenia after SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While sarcopenia might have been expected in these patients because of their severe/ recent clinical history, very little is known regarding its possible long-term impact in post-COVID syndrome. 8 Indeed, sarcopenia was just postulated in COVID-19 survivors in association with malnutrition 9 and to oxidative stress and hypoxia. 5,10 Martone et al 11 reported a 19.5% prevalence of sarcopenia after 3 months on average from the onset of COVID-19, being particularly relevant data compared with the one in the general population.…”

Section: What Is Newmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sarcopenia and Multisensory Integration Deficit in Post-COVID Syndrome Patients

LoMauro

Gervasoni

Ricci

et al. 2023

Am J Phys Med Rehabil

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Introduction: Post-COVID syndrome affects relatively young outpatients with fatigue as the mostly reported symptom. We wondered whether sarcopenia could play a role. Methods: Seventy-four outpatients (median age: 53.8 yrs, 45 females), reporting fatigue and persistent mild neurological/motor deficits, completed the Clinical, Ultrasound and Robotic Evaluation protocol 4.8 mos after the infection. Results: The incidence of sarcopenia was 41%. Sarcopenic patients were older (62.7 vs. 46.4 yrs, P < 0.001), they experienced longer infection (33 vs. 24 days, P = 0.006) and higher incidence of hospitalization (86.6 vs. 29.5%, P < 0.001), they did not report more fatigue (44.5 vs. 48, P = 0.424), but they walked slower (1.27 vs. 1.5 m/sec, P = 0.027).After multivariable adjustment using multiple logistic regression, sarcopenia was dependent on age (odds ratio = 1.09) and on the duration of the disease (odds ratio = 1.04).When expressed as z score, in 79% of patients, the sway path during elastic balance shifted significantly toward negative values with closed eye, indicating multisensory integration deficit. Conclusions: Post-COVID syndrome in relatively young outpatients complaining mild motor deficit is associated with high incidence of sarcopenia. In addition, they have multisensory integration deficit that further contributes to symptoms. The Clinical, Ultrasound and Robotic Evaluation protocol is able to objectivize symptoms that common diagnostic tool cannot reveal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Is Newmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia and Multisensory Integration Deficit in Post-COVID Syndrome Patients

LoMauro

Gervasoni

Ricci

et al. 2023

Am J Phys Med Rehabil

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“…One US study explored weight changes among NH residents between March 2020 and May 2020 and found that all residents lost weight over this time period but residents who had COVID‐19 experienced 4.6% greater weight loss compared to non‐infected residents 17 . Potential mechanisms of this weight decrease include loss of taste and smell as a symptom of COVID‐19, as well as decreased mealtime assistance in quarantine 18,19 . NH residents are vulnerable to weight loss that could potentially lead to sarcopenia and nutritional deficiencies, fatigue, and subsequently, functional decline 10 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 (PASC) in nursing home residents: A retrospective cohort study

Clark,

Bautista,

Neeb

et al. 2023

J American Geriatrics Society

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BackgroundPost‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 (PASC) describes a syndrome of physical and cognitive decline that persists after acute symptoms of infection resolve. Few studies have explored PASC among nursing home (NH) residents.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted at two NHs in Michigan. COVID‐positive patients were identified from March 21, 2020 to October 26, 2021. The comparison group were patients who lived at the same NH but who were never infected during the study period. Minimum Data Set was used to examine trajectories of functional dependence (Activity of Daily Living [ADL] composite score) and cognitive function (Brief Interview for Mental Status [BIMS]). Linear mixed‐effects models were constructed to estimate short‐term change in function and cognition immediately following diagnosis and over time for an additional 12 months, compared to pre‐COVID and non‐COVID trajectories and adjusting for sex, age, and dementia status.ResultsWe identified 171 residents (90 COVID‐19 positive, 81 non‐COVID) with 719 observations for our analyses. Cohort characteristics included: 108 (63%) ≥ 80 yrs.; 121 (71%) female; 160 (94%) non‐Hispanic white; median of 3 comorbidities (IQR 2–4), with no significant differences in characteristics between groups. COVID‐19 infection affected the trajectory of ADL recovery for the first 9 months following infection, characterized by an immediate post‐infection decrease in functional status post‐infection (−0.60 points, p = 0.002) followed by improvement toward the expected functional trajectory sans infection (0.04 points per month following infection, p = 0.271).ConclusionsNH residents experienced a significant functional decline that persisted for 9 months following acute infection. Further research is needed to determine whether increased rehabilitation services after COVID‐19 may help mitigate this decline.

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“…Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in older COVID-19 survivors. 42,43 In a study of people who had recovered from symptomatic COVID-19 pneumonia, the majority had significantly reduced muscle strength and functionality (e.g. 69 and 54% of predicted normal for quadriceps and biceps strength, respectively).…”

Section: Sarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, a small study from Japan ( n = 58) found that participants in a frailty check program with examinations before and after the first COVID‐19 wave had a reduction in handgrip strength that corresponded to different levels of social participation 46 . Different pathophysiological mechanisms may be involved in the development of post‐COVID‐19 sarcopenia (for a comprehensive review refer to 42,43 ). Symptomatic COVID‐19 infection regularly leads to prolonged immobilization, which may play a role in causing post‐Covid‐19 sarcopenia, and there is evidence of direct viral infiltration of SARS‐CoV‐2 into skeletal muscle, causing immune cell infiltration, muscle fiber atrophy, and metabolic changes 47–49 .…”

Section: Mediators Of Frailty In the Covid‐19 Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frailty after COVID‐19: The wave after?

2023

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The COVID‐19 pandemic poses an ongoing public health challenge, with a focus on older adults. Given the large number of older persons who have recovered from COVID‐19 and reports of long‐lasting sequelae, there is reasonable concern that the COVID‐19 pandemic may lead to a long‐term deterioration in the health of older adults, i.e., a potential “wave of frailty.” Therefore, it is critical to better understand the circumstances surrounding the development of frailty as a result of COVID‐19, as well as the underlying mechanisms and factors contributing to this development. We conducted a narrative review of the most relevant articles published on the association between COVID‐19 and frailty through January 2023. Although few studies to date have addressed the effects of COVID‐19 on the onset and progression of frailty, the available data suggest that there is indeed an increase in frailty in the elderly as a result of COVID‐19. Regarding the underlying mechanisms, a multicausal genesis can be assumed, involving both direct viral effects and indirect effects, particularly from the imposed lockdowns with devastating consequences for the elderly: decreased physical activity, altered diet, sarcopenia, fatigue, social isolation, neurological problems, inflammation, and cardiovascular morbidity are among the possible mediators. Since the COVID‐19 pandemic is leading to an increase in frailty in the elderly, there is an urgent need to raise awareness of this still little‐known problem of potentially great public health importance and to find appropriate prevention and treatment measures.

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Malnutrition and Sarcopenia in COVID-19 Survivors

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Sarcopenia and Multisensory Integration Deficit in Post-COVID Syndrome Patients

Sarcopenia and Multisensory Integration Deficit in Post-COVID Syndrome Patients

Post‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 (PASC) in nursing home residents: A retrospective cohort study

Frailty after COVID‐19: The wave after?

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