Malingering by Proxy: A Literature Review and Current Perspectives

Amlani, Adam; Grewal, Gurinder S.; Feldman, Marc D.

doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12977

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This is thought to typically reflect attempts at securing financial gain among parents and nonadult children, though it can develop in any circumstance in which there is an imbalance of power and vulnerability (LeBourgeois et al, 2002). Proposed criteria for assessing malingering by proxy are similar to those used to detect MND (Amlani et al, 2016), including PVT and SVT use, suggesting that this may be a consideration when a caregiver stands to meaningfully benefit from an examinee’s circumstances.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of informant report interpretations: Role of examinee performance and symptom invalidity.

Webber¹,

Sullivan-Baca²,

Modiano³

et al. 2022

Psychological Assessment

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Performance validity tests (PVTs) and symptom validity tests (SVTs) detect inaccuracies in examinee-completed measures, though methods for assessing the accuracy of informant reports—which may be inaccurate due to examinee deception, motivation for external incentives (e.g., disability payments), or attempts to validate examinee experiences—remain underexplored. We used a sample of 72 veteran-informant dyads undergoing evaluation of possible epilepsy-related neurocognitive disorder to assess the association between examinee response invalidity (i.e., performance and/or symptom invalidity) and informant report measures. Examinees completed PVTs, SVTs, cognitive, and self-report measures. Informants completed measures on examinee functioning and their own caregiver burden. Performance invalidity was defined as failure on two or more PVTs. Symptom invalidity for psychopathology symptom reports (SVT-P) and cognitive/somatic symptom reports (SVT-CS) were separately defined via above-threshold scores on two or more SVT criterion. Independent samples t tests demonstrated the associations of the PVT, SVT-CS, and SVT-P groups with informant-report measures. Informants for examinees with performance invalidity reported worse functioning in the examinee than informants for examinees in the valid performance group (medium-large effect sizes). Symptom validity status (for both SVT-CS and SVT-P) was meaningfully but less strongly related to informant-reported examinee functioning (small–medium effect sizes). Neither performance nor symptom invalidity was meaningfully related to informant-reported caregiver burden (negligible effect sizes). Informant reports for examinees with response invalidity should be interpreted with caution.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of informant report interpretations: Role of examinee performance and symptom invalidity.

Webber¹,

Sullivan-Baca²,

Modiano³

et al. 2022

Psychological Assessment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As an important distinction, FPP is not considered when the motivation is predominated by undeserved rewards achieved at the expense of others. Amlani, Grewal, and Feldman (2016) have provided an excellent review of fraud-driven motivations involving malingering by proxy.…”

Section: Criminological Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiating factitious psychological presentations from malingering: Implications for forensic practice

Velsor

Rogers

2018

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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Practitioners and researchers have long been challenged with identifying deceptive response styles in forensic contexts, particularly when differentiating malingering from factitious presentations. The origins and the development of factitious disorders as a diagnostic classification are discussed, as well as the many challenges and limitations present with the current diagnostic conceptualization. As an alternative to a formal diagnosis, forensic practitioners may choose to consider most factitious psychological presentations (FPPs) as a dimensional construct that are classified like malingering as a V code. Building on Rogers' central motivations for malingering, the current article provides four explanatory models for FPPs; three of these parallel malingering (pathogenic, criminological, and adaptational) but differ in their central features. In addition, the nurturance model stresses how patients with FPPs attempt to use their relationship with treating professionals to fulfill their unmet psychological needs. Relying on these models, practical guidelines are recommended for evaluating FPPs in a forensic context.

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“…Some of the ethical or legal issues related to "Factitious disorders", either MS or MSBP may become the subject of legal proceedings or public debates. Despite the controversy, many of these issues remain unresolved and there are no clear guidelines so that the doctor may offer an adequate response in such situations (7). Numerous issues of medical ethics and deontology arise during diagnosis, during the evolution and treatment of such syndromes, and we are trying to bring them to the public's attention.…”

Section: Legal and Ethical Issues In Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Münchausen Syndrome – A Question of Medical Ethics?

Păcurar¹,

Lešanu²,

Popescu³

et al. 2017

Ro J Pediatr.

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Factitious disorder" or "unnatural, artificial, fake disorders" as Münchausen syndrome (MS) and Münchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP) represent severe mental disorders in which a person tries to convince those around him/her that he/she or the person depending on him/her is sick, without the purpose of obtaining benefits. Patients with disorders such as MS or MSBP may arise a series of controversies and appeals from the simple question of patient status to confidentiality issues, privacy, medical malpractice or participation and involving of the medical team at the suffering of the patient. Recognition of the phenomenon of simulation depends heavily on experience of the physician, but the existence of elements of guidance and personality traits of patients or parents are important. Many issues of ethics and medical deontology arise in diagnosis, evolution and treatment of these syndromes, many becoming subject to medical or legal disputes. The problem is more delicate and involves many consequences in terms of child protection in MSBP, considered the only form of lethal, highly complex mistreatment and abuse. Ethical, medical and ethics issues are different in the two types of diseases, but medical staff involvement and participation in perpetuation of the symptomatology is a common character, much debated. Despite the controversy, many of these issues remain unresolved and there are no clear guidelines so doctors can give an appropriate response.

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Malingering by Proxy: A Literature Review and Current Perspectives

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

Validity of informant report interpretations: Role of examinee performance and symptom invalidity.

Validity of informant report interpretations: Role of examinee performance and symptom invalidity.

Differentiating factitious psychological presentations from malingering: Implications for forensic practice

Münchausen Syndrome – A Question of Medical Ethics?

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